Parkinson's disease
Supplements studied for parkinson's disease.
Overview
Black Tea (WA 44; low effect size, medium evidence, low trust) has medium-strength observational evidence linking regular intake to lower Parkinson's disease risk, with stronger associations in men drinking several cups daily. Vitamin E (WA 40; very low effect size, high evidence, medium trust) dietary intake may be associated with lower development risk, but supplements did not improve symptoms or slow progression in people with established disease.
Tyrosine (WA 32; very low effect size, low evidence, medium trust) did not improve orthostatic hypotension despite raising blood levels in one trial. Vitamin D (WA 52; low effect size, high evidence, medium trust) and Flaxseed Oil (WA 44; low effect size, low evidence, medium trust) have limited or modest signals in small studies. The heatmap and evidence reviews below summarize trials.
Effect graph
Relevant supplements
Relevant supplements sorted by DEX Score.
| Vitamin D | ★★★★★ | Low |
| Vitamin A | ★★★★★ | Low |
| Melatonin | ★★★★★ | Low |
| Vitamin B3 (Niacin) | ★★★★★ | Low |
| Nicotinamide Riboside | ★★★★★ | Low |
| Flaxseed Oil | ★★★★★ | Low |
| Black Tea | ★★★★★ | Low |
| Yerba Mate | ★★★★★ | Low |
| Vitamin E | ★★★★★ | Very Low / None |
| Milk Thistle | ★★★★★ | Low |
| Green Tea | ★★★★★ | Low |
| Ashwagandha | ★★★★★ | Low |
| Zeaxanthin | ★★★★★ | Very Low / None |
| SAMe | ★★★★★ | Low |
| Lycopene | ★★★★★ | Very Low / None |
| Lutein | ★★★★★ | Very Low / None |
| Tyrosine | ★★★★★ | Very Low / None |
| Lecithin | ★★★★★ | Very Low / None |
| Bacopa | ★★★★★ | Very Low / None |
| NADH | ★★★★★ | Very Low / None |
Studies
Find individual evidence reviews for supplements sorted by DEX Score.
20 supplements for and rated at least stars. All purchase bands. No minimum star filter.
Vitamin DView supplement →
Reconsider purchase·★★★★★
How we scored this▸
- It is unclear if vitamin D helps people with Parkinson disease.
- Studies show that people with higher vitamin D levels tend to have milder symptoms, while deficiency is linked to higher risk.
- A small study found that taking vitamin D daily for one year slightly slowed disease progression based on one scale, but did not improve other important measures or quality of life.
Browse 6 studies·4 meta-analyses
Systematic reviewEffect of vitamin D supplementation on motor symptoms in Parkinson's disease: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials2025n=646
A meta-analysis of 8 Parkinson's RCTs (646 patients) found vitamin D supplementation did not significantly reduce UPDRS part III motor scores (WMD −0.56, 95% CI −2.34 to 1.22).
- Effect
- No Benefit
- Participants
- 646
MetaAn updated meta-analysis of the relationship between vitamin D levels and precocious puberty2023n=4,208
A meta-analysis of 15 case-control studies (4,208 participants) found lower 25(OH)D was associated with precocious puberty (SMD −1.05, 95% CI −1.37 to −0.73).
- Population
- Children/adolescents
- Participants
- 4,208
MetaDoes vitamin D have a potential role in precocious puberty? A meta-analysis2023
A meta-analysis found lower vitamin D concentrations were associated with precocious puberty across 15 case-control studies (SMD −1.05), though intervention evidence was limited.
- Population
- Adults
MetaThe Association Between Vitamin D Status, Vitamin D Supplementation, Sunlight Exposure, and Parkinson's Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis2019
A meta-analysis of 8 studies found Parkinson's patients had lower 25(OH)D than controls and vitamin D supplementation improved UPDRS motor scores in RCT subgroups.
- Effect
- Benefit
- Population
- Parkinson's disease patients
RCTRandomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of vitamin D supplementation in Parkinson disease2013n=114
In a 12-month RCT of 114 Parkinson's patients, 1,200 IU/day vitamin D3 prevented Hoehn and Yahr stage worsening in FokI CC genotype carriers versus placebo.
- Effect
- Benefit
- Duration
- 12 months
- Dose
- 200 IU/day
- Population
- Parkinson's disease patients
- Participants
- 114
Observational25-hydroxyvitamin D, vitamin D receptor gene polymorphisms, and severity of Parkinson's disease2012n=137
In 137 Parkinson's patients, lower serum 25(OH)D and specific VDR polymorphisms were associated with more severe disease on UPDRS and Hoehn and Yahr staging.
- Effect
- Benefit
- Population
- Parkinson's disease patients
- Participants
- 137
MelatoninView supplement →
Reconsider purchase·★★★★★
How we scored this▸
- There is not enough evidence to determine if melatonin has any benefit for parkinson's disease.
Browse 1 study·1 meta-analysis
Systematic reviewSignificant potential of melatonin therapy in Parkinson's disease - a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials2023n=155
A meta-analysis found melatonin improved sleep disturbances in Parkinson's disease, with benefits varying by dose, formulation, and treatment duration.
- Effect
- Benefit
- Dose
- 10 mg/day
- Population
- Parkinson's patients
- Participants
- 155
Vitamin AView supplement →
Reconsider purchase·★★★★★
How we scored this▸
- Research shows that vitamin A levels in the blood or diet are not linked to the risk of getting Parkinson's disease.
- Vitamin A does not appear to help prevent Parkinson's disease.
Browse 1 study·1 meta-analysis
MetaVitamin A and carotenoids and the risk of Parkinson's disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis2014
A meta-analysis of 13 epidemiologic studies found no significant overall association between lutein intake or blood levels and Parkinson's disease risk, though case-control data suggested a possible inverse lutein association.
- Effect
- Benefit
Black TeaView supplement →
Reconsider purchase·★★★★★
How we scored this▸
- Studies involving tens of thousands of people suggest that drinking black tea regularly can lower the chance of developing Parkinson’s disease.
- Men who drink several cups of black tea a day may reduce their risk by as much as 70%.
- For women, drinking one to four cups a day seems to provide the best protection.
- The benefits of black tea do not just come from caffeine; other natural compounds in the tea may help protect brain cells.
- People who smoke and also drink tea may have an even lower chance of getting Parkinson’s.
- Green tea doesn’t show these effects as strongly as black tea.
Browse 3 studies
ObservationalParkinson's disease risks associated with cigarette smoking, alcohol consumption, and caffeine intake2002n=347
In 557 western Washington adults, consuming ≥2 cups/day tea or cola was associated with 60% and 40% lower Parkinson disease odds versus nondrinkers; total caffeine intake was not associated with PD.
- Effect
- Benefit
- Population
- Adults
- Participants
- 347
ObservationalProspective study of caffeine consumption and risk of Parkinson's disease in men and women2001n=88,565
In 88,565 US health professionals followed up to 16 years, caffeine intake was strongly inversely associated with Parkinson disease in men but showed a U-shaped relationship in women, with tea showing a protective trend.
- Effect
- Benefit
- Population
- Adults
- Participants
- 88,565
Association of coffee and caffeine intake with the risk of Parkinson disease2000n=102
In 8,004 Japanese-American men followed 30 years, higher coffee and caffeine intake was linearly associated with lower Parkinson disease incidence; tea was not separately analyzed in this cohort.
- Population
- Older adults
- Participants
- 102
- Ages
- 45–68
Flaxseed OilView supplement →
Reconsider purchase·★★★★★
How we scored this▸
- A small study in people with Parkinson’s disease found that taking flaxseed oil and vitamin E daily for 12 weeks modestly improved symptoms compared to worsening symptoms in those taking a placebo.
- However, it is not clear if this small improvement has a meaningful benefit.
Browse 2 studies
RCTThe effects of omega-3 fatty acids and vitamin E co-supplementation on clinical and metabolic status in patients with Parkinson's disease: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial2017n=30
In 60 Parkinson's disease patients over 12 weeks, flaxseed omega-3 1,000 mg plus vitamin E 400 IU improved UPDRS scores and raised antioxidant capacity while lowering hs-CRP versus placebo.
- Effect
- Benefit
- Duration
- 3 months
- Dose
- 400 IU/day
- Population
- Parkinson's disease patients
- Participants
- 30
ObservationalThe clinically important difference on the unified Parkinson's disease rating scale2009
In 653 Parkinson's patients, distribution- and anchor-based analyses estimated minimal clinically important UPDRS motor score changes of ~2.5 points (minimal), ~5.2 (moderate), and ~10.8 (large).
- Effect
- Benefit
- Population
- ARDS patients
Nicotinamide RibosideView supplement →
Reconsider purchase·★★★★★
How we scored this▸
- It's not clear whether taking nicotinamide riboside helps people with Parkinson's disease.
- One small study found that taking 500 mg twice daily for 4 weeks did not improve symptoms.
- Another small study using a higher dose (1500 mg twice daily) showed a slight improvement, but results may have been affected because people taking the placebo had gone longer since their last dose of Parkinson's medication.
Browse 2 studies
RCTNR-SAFE: a randomized, double-blind safety trial of high dose nicotinamide riboside in Parkinson's disease2023n=10
In 20 Parkinson's disease patients, nicotinamide riboside 1500 mg twice daily for 4 weeks was well tolerated with no moderate/severe adverse events and showed possible clinical improvement.
- Effect
- Benefit
- Duration
- 4 weeks
- Dose
- 3000 mg/day
- Population
- Adults
- Participants
- 10
RCTThe NADPARK study: A randomized phase I trial of nicotinamide riboside supplementation in Parkinson's disease2022n=30
In 30 newly diagnosed, untreated Parkinson's patients, 1000 mg/day nicotinamide riboside for 30 days raised brain NAD+, altered brain metabolism, and associated with mild clinical improvement.
- Effect
- Benefit
- Duration
- 30 days
- Dose
- 1000 mg/day
- Population
- Patients with Parkinson's disease
- Participants
- 30
Vitamin B3 (Niacin)View supplement →
Reconsider purchase·★★★★★
How we scored this▸
- It is not clear if taking niacin helps with Parkinson’s disease symptoms.
- One small study found that taking 250 mg of slow-release niacin daily for a year improved movement and tiredness.
- But a better-quality study showed no improvement in movement after 6 months compared to placebo.
- More research is needed to know if niacin is helpful.
Browse 2 studies
RCTLow-Dose Niacin Supplementation Improves Motor Function in US Veterans with Parkinson's Disease: A Single-Center, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial2021n=45
A randomized trial of 45 found that from six to twelve months when both groups received open-label niacin supplementation, the average UPDRS III scores significantly decreased for the placebo group by 4.58 [95% CI, -0.85 to 8.30] and the niacin group by 4.63 [95% CI, 1.42 to 7.83] points.
- Effect
- No Benefit
- Population
- Parkinson's disease patients
- Participants
- 45
Clinical trialNiacin Enhancement for Parkinson's Disease: An Effectiveness Trial2021n=16
A study of 16 patients with parkinson's disease found that an average of 9 ± 6-point improvement in the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) III (motor) score was observed after 12 months of daily niacin compared to the expected decline in score (effect size = 0.78, 95% CI = 7-11).
- Effect
- Benefit
- Duration
- 12 months
- Population
- Patients with Parkinson's disease
- Participants
- 16
- Avg age
- 62±5
AshwagandhaView supplement →
Reconsider purchase·★★★★★
How we scored this▸
- It is uncertain if ashwagandha alone helps Parkinson disease.
- One small study found that a mixture of herbs, including ashwagandha, taken twice daily in milk for about 2 months improved symptoms like tremors and stiffness compared to before treatment.
- The treatment also included 4 weeks of cleansing therapies before starting the herbs.
- It’s unclear which herb caused the benefits; cowhage contains levodopa, a known Parkinson’s medication.
Browse 1 study
Clinical trialAssociation of L-DOPA with recovery following Ayurveda medication in Parkinson's disease2000n=13
In 13 Parkinson's disease patients, Ayurvedic concoctions including ashwagandha with L-DOPA improved symptoms after cleansing therapy over 28 days.
- Effect
- Benefit
- Duration
- 28 days
- Population
- Patients with Parkinson's disease
- Participants
- 13
Green TeaView supplement →
Reconsider purchase·★★★★★
How we scored this▸
- Studies show that drinking caffeinated drinks like coffee, tea, and cola may lower the risk of some cancers.
- For men, drinking about 5 to 33 cups of tea worth of caffeine daily seems to reduce cancer risk the most, but even just 1 to 3 cups can help.
- For women, drinking 1 to 4 cups a day gives the most benefit, but drinking more doesn’t seem to add extra protection.
- It’s not clear if green tea is better or worse than other caffeinated drinks for lowering cancer risk.
Browse 2 studies
ObservationalProspective study of caffeine consumption and risk of Parkinson's disease in men and women2001n=88,565
In 88,565 US health professionals followed up to 16 years, caffeine intake was strongly inversely associated with Parkinson disease in men but showed a U-shaped relationship in women, with tea showing a protective trend.
- Effect
- Benefit
- Population
- Adults
- Participants
- 88,565
Association of coffee and caffeine intake with the risk of Parkinson disease2000n=102
In 8,004 Japanese-American men followed 30 years, higher coffee and caffeine intake was linearly associated with lower Parkinson disease incidence; tea was not separately analyzed in this cohort.
- Population
- Older adults
- Participants
- 102
- Ages
- 45–68
Milk ThistleView supplement →
Reconsider purchase·★★★★★
How we scored this▸
- Milk thistle has not been tested alone for Parkinson’s disease, but when combined with other natural ingredients, it may help stabilize symptoms over several months.
- Laboratory studies suggest milk thistle could protect brain cells and reduce inflammation and damage related to Parkinson’s disease.
- More studies are needed to confirm if milk thistle by itself helps people with Parkinson’s.
Browse 1 study
Clinical trial[Clinical stabilisation in neurodegenerative diseases: clinical study in phase II]2010n=17
A phase II clinical study of 42 neurodegenerative disease patients found a multi-ingredient antioxidant compound achieved clinical stabilization in all MS, Parkinson's, and Alzheimer's patients followed for up to 24 months.
- Population
- ALL patients
- Participants
- 17
Vitamin EView supplement →
Reconsider purchase·★★★★★
How we scored this▸
- Taking vitamin E by mouth does not seem to help with symptoms or slow down Parkinson disease once it starts.
- Some research shows that people who eat more vitamin E in their diet may have a lower chance of developing Parkinson disease.
- One review of studies found that people with the highest vitamin E intake had about a 20% lower risk compared to those with the lowest intake.
- But studies giving people with early Parkinson disease high doses of vitamin E supplements did not show any improvement.
Browse 6 studies·1 meta-analysis
MetaEffect of dietary vitamins C and E on the risk of Parkinson's disease: A meta-analysis2021
In a meta-analysis in parkinson's disease patients, we included studies that reported (1) intake of vitamins C and E using validated methods; (2) assessment of odds ratio (OR), relative risk (RR), or hazard ratio (HR); and (3) patients with PD identified by a neurologist, hospital records, or death certificates.
- Effect
- Benefit
- Population
- Parkinson's disease patients
RCTMortality in DATATOP: a multicenter trial in early Parkinson's disease. Parkinson Study Group1998n=800
In an RCT of 800 participants, the deprenyl-related delay in disability that we reported previously was not associated with a deprenyl-related reduction in mortality.
- Effect
- No Benefit
- Population
- Parkinson's disease patients
- Participants
- 800
ObservationalDietary antioxidants and Parkinson disease. The Rotterdam Study1997n=31
In an observational study of 31 participants, the odds ratio for PD was 0.5 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.2-0.9) per 10-mg daily dietary vitamin E intake, 0.6 (95% CI, 0.3-1.3) per 1-mg beta carotene intake, 0.9 (95% CI, 0.4-1.9) per 100-mg vitamin C intake, and 0.9 (95% CI, 0.7-1.2) per 10-mg flavonoids intake, all adjusted for...
- Effect
- Benefit
- Participants
- 31
- Ages
- 55–95
RCTImpact of deprenyl and tocopherol treatment on Parkinson's disease in DATATOP patients requiring levodopa. Parkinson Study Group1996
In an RCT in women, 2,000 mg tocopherol/day, we conclude that prior treatment with deprenyl or tocopherol did not reduce the occurrence of subsequent levodopa-associated adverse effects in this population.
- Effect
- No Benefit
- Dose
- 2,000 mg tocopherol/day
- Population
- Women
RCTThe effect of deprenyl and tocopherol on cognitive performance in early untreated Parkinson's disease. Parkinson Study Group1994n=800
In an RCT of 800 participants, 2000 IU/day, there was no significant effect of either deprenyl or tocopherol on cognitive test performance.
- Effect
- No Benefit
- Dose
- 2000 IU/day
- Population
- Parkinson's disease patients
- Participants
- 800
RCTEffects of tocopherol and deprenyl on the progression of disability in early Parkinson's disease1993n=800
A core DATATOP randomized trial showing that tocopherol (vitamin E) alone did not slow progression of disability in early Parkinson’s disease. A study of 800 patients assigned either 10 mg/day deprenyl, 2000 IU/day tocopherol, tocopherol + deprenyl, or placebo, found that deprenyl significantly delayed the onset of disability requiring levodopa therapy (Risk Ratio 0.50, 95% CI 0.41 to 0.62, P < 0.001). Most benefits occurred in the first 12 months of treatment, with a difference in the estimated median time to the end point of around nine months. Vitamin E alone did not reduce the risk of reaching the end point (Risk Ratio 0.92, 95% CI 0.70 to 1.22, P = 0.57). There was no interaction between deprenyl and tocopherol (P = 0.97). Tocopherol plus deprenyl did not reduce the probability of reaching the end point (Risk Ratio 0.91, 95% CI 0.74 to 1.12, P = 0.35) throughout the 24 month follow-up period. The projected median lengths of time to the end point were 719 days for deprenyl and 454 days for subjects not assigned to deprenlyl.
- Effect
- No Benefit
- Duration
- 12 months
- Dose
- 10 mg/day
- Population
- Patients with early Parkinson's disease
- Participants
- 800
Yerba MateView supplement →
Reconsider purchase·★★★★★
How we scored this▸
- It is not clear if yerba mate helps prevent Parkinson disease.
- One small study found that people who drink a lot of yerba mate tea have about a 60% lower chance of being diagnosed with Parkinson disease compared to those who do not drink it.
- More research is needed to confirm this.
Browse 1 study
ObservationalA Case-Control Study of the Effects of Chimarrão (Ilex paraguariensis) and Coffee on Parkinson's Disease2021n=200
In an observational study of 200 participants, Chimarrão consumption was inversely associated with PD, even after adjusting for coffee intake, suggesting a possible protective role.
- Effect
- Benefit
- Population
- Adults
- Participants
- 200
- Ages
- 45+
LuteinView supplement →
Do not purchase·★★★★★
How we scored this▸
- Research in large groups of people shows that eating more lutein does not lower the chance of getting Parkinson's disease.
- It is not yet known if lutein supplements have any effect.
Browse 1 study·1 meta-analysis
MetaVitamin A and carotenoids and the risk of Parkinson's disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis2014
A meta-analysis of 13 epidemiologic studies found no significant overall association between lutein intake or blood levels and Parkinson's disease risk, though case-control data suggested a possible inverse lutein association.
- Effect
- No Benefit
LycopeneView supplement →
Do not purchase·★★★★★
How we scored this▸
- Research shows that eating foods rich in lycopene, or having higher lycopene levels in the blood, does not appear to lower the chance of developing Parkinson's disease.
- Studies comparing people who consume more lycopene with those who consume less found no difference in risk.
Browse 1 study·1 meta-analysis
MetaVitamin A and carotenoids and the risk of Parkinson's disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis2014
A meta-analysis of 13 epidemiologic studies found no significant overall association between lutein intake or blood levels and Parkinson's disease risk, though case-control data suggested a possible inverse lutein association.
- Effect
- No Benefit
SAMeView supplement →
Do not purchase·★★★★★
How we scored this▸
- SAMe has insufficient evidence for Parkinson's disease.
Browse 1 study
Open-labelS-Adenosyl-Methionine improves depression in patients with Parkinson's disease in an open-label clinical trial2000n=11
An open-label pilot in 13 depressed Parkinson's disease patients found SAMe 800–3600 mg/day for 10 weeks produced at least 50% Hamilton Depression Scale improvement in 10 of 11 completers.
- Effect
- Benefit
- Duration
- 10 weeks
- Dose
- 3600 mg/day
- Population
- Depression patients
- Participants
- 11
ZeaxanthinView supplement →
Do not purchase·★★★★★
How we scored this▸
- It is not clear if taking zeaxanthin helps prevent Parkinson disease.
- Studies show that people who eat more zeaxanthin do not have a lower risk of developing Parkinson's disease.
- The effects of zeaxanthin supplements are unknown.
Browse 1 study·1 meta-analysis
MetaVitamin A and carotenoids and the risk of Parkinson's disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis2014
A meta-analysis of 13 epidemiologic studies found no significant overall association between lutein intake or blood levels and Parkinson's disease risk, though case-control data suggested a possible inverse lutein association.
- Effect
- No Benefit
BacopaView supplement →
Do not purchase·★★★★★
How we scored this▸
- It is uncertain whether taking Bacopa supplements helps people with Parkinson’s disease.
- A small study of older adults taking the Parkinson’s drug levodopa testing two doses of a Bacopa extract daily for 3 months did not find improvements in movement, symptoms, mood, or social function compared to a placebo.
- However, the study was small and not randomized, so more research is needed.
Browse 1 study
RCTBacopa monnieri in Patients with Parkinson's Disease: A Pilot Study2023n=20
A double-blind pilot RCT of 20 Parkinson's patients found 450 mg/day bacopa did not improve motor symptoms but showed time-dependent improvements in emotional function on quality-of-life measures.
- Effect
- No Benefit
- Duration
- 90 days
- Dose
- 450 mg/day
- Population
- Patients with Parkinson's disease
- Participants
- 20
LecithinView supplement →
Do not purchase·★★★★★
How we scored this▸
- An early study found that taking 32 grams of lecithin by mouth every day for 8 weeks did not work better than a placebo for improving symptoms.
Browse 1 study
RCTLecithin treatment of cognitively impaired Parkinson's patients1982
In 16 cognitively impaired Parkinson's outpatients, ~32 g/day lecithin for 9 weeks showed no marked clinical improvement but slight gains on some memory and cognition tests versus placebo.
- Effect
- No Benefit
- Duration
- 9 weeks
- Dose
- 32 g/day
- Population
- Older adults
TyrosineView supplement →
Do not purchase·★★★★★
How we scored this▸
- People with Parkinson’s disease often have low blood pressure when standing (orthostatic hypotension) due to low norepinephrine levels, which levodopa treatment can worsen.
- Tyrosine is an amino acid that helps make norepinephrine, but its levels drop after levodopa use.
- In a study, Parkinson’s patients with low blood pressure took tyrosine supplements (1,000 mg a day) or placebo for a week.
- Tyrosine levels in the blood went up, but it didn’t improve blood pressure or how the body responded to exercise.
- The supplement was safe, but it’s unclear if tyrosine helps with blood pressure problems in Parkinson’s.
Browse 1 study
RCTEffects of Tyrosine on Parkinson's Disease: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial2014n=19
An RCT of 36 Parkinson's patients found that 1000 mg/day L-tyrosine for 7 days was safe but did not improve orthostatic hypotension, blood pressure, or autonomic exercise responses.
- Effect
- No Benefit
- Duration
- 7 days
- Dose
- 1000 mg/day
- Participants
- 19
NADHView supplement →
Do not purchase·★★★★★
How we scored this▸
- A small study found that NADH given intravenously did not improve Parkinson's symptoms compared to placebo.
- However, other open-label studies without placebo controls suggest that taking NADH by mouth or intravenously may reduce disability and improve symptoms in some patients.
- These results should be interpreted cautiously because the studies lacked placebo controls.
Browse 2 studies
RCTTreatment of Parkinson's disease with NADH1994
A small double-blind trial in 5 moderate Parkinson's patients found IV then IM NADH 25 mg/day for 4 weeks did not clearly improve disability scores.
- Effect
- No Benefit
- Duration
- 4 weeks
- Dose
- 25 mg/day
- Population
- Parkinson's patients
Open-labelNicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH)—a new therapeutic approach to Parkinson's disease. Comparison of oral and parenteral application1993
An open-label trial in 885 Parkinson's patients reported clinical improvement in about 80% with oral or IV NADH, but lacked placebo control.
- Effect
- Benefit
- Population
- ALL patients
Evidence visualised
Same ratings as above, aggregated so you can see coverage and imbalance.
| Supplement | DEX | Studies | Meta-analyses | Share |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Vitamin D | ★★★★★52% | 6 | 4 | 16% |
| Vitamin E | ★★★★★40% | 6 | 1 | 16% |
| Black Tea | ★★★★★44% | 3 | 0 | 8% |
| Flaxseed Oil | ★★★★★44% | 2 | 0 | 5% |
| Green Tea | ★★★★★40% | 2 | 0 | 5% |
| NADH | ★★★★★28% | 2 | 0 | 5% |
| Nicotinamide Riboside | ★★★★★44% | 2 | 0 | 5% |
| Vitamin B3 (Niacin) | ★★★★★44% | 2 | 0 | 5% |
| Ashwagandha | ★★★★★40% | 1 | 0 | 3% |
| Bacopa | ★★★★★32% | 1 | 0 | 3% |
| Lecithin | ★★★★★32% | 1 | 0 | 3% |
| Lutein | ★★★★★36% | 1 | 1 | 3% |
| Lycopene | ★★★★★36% | 1 | 1 | 3% |
| Melatonin | ★★★★★48% | 1 | 1 | 3% |
| Milk Thistle | ★★★★★40% | 1 | 0 | 3% |
| SAMe | ★★★★★36% | 1 | 0 | 3% |
| Tyrosine | ★★★★★32% | 1 | 0 | 3% |
| Vitamin A | ★★★★★48% | 1 | 1 | 3% |
| Yerba Mate | ★★★★★40% | 1 | 0 | 3% |
| Zeaxanthin | ★★★★★36% | 1 | 1 | 3% |