Alzheimer's Disease
Supplements studied for alzheimer's disease.
Overview
SupplementDEX indexes 28 supplements for Alzheimer's disease across 78 studies. Several carry medium ratings (WA 60), though none are established treatments.
Vitamin E may slow functional decline in moderate Alzheimer's disease by roughly six months in some trials, but does not prevent disease or help mild cognitive impairment. Acetyl-L-Carnitine may slow worsening and improve memory, thinking, and behavior, especially in earlier-onset, rapidly progressing cases.
Phosphatidylserine (bovine-derived) may improve cognition and behavior for up to 12 weeks in mild cases. Panax Ginseng and Ginkgo also carry medium ratings but are limited by small or inconsistent trials. See the heatmap and evidence reviews below for all 28 supplements.
Effect graph
Relevant supplements
Relevant supplements sorted by DEX Score.
| Vitamin E | ★★★★★ | Medium |
| Phosphatidylserine | ★★★★★ | Medium |
| Panax Ginseng | ★★★★★ | Medium |
| Acetyl-L-Carnitine | ★★★★★ | Medium |
| Ginkgo | ★★★★★ | Medium |
| Alpha-GPC | ★★★★★ | Medium |
| Vitamin D | ★★★★★ | Low |
| Vitamin B9 (Folate) | ★★★★★ | Low |
| Resveratrol | ★★★★★ | Low |
| Milk Thistle | ★★★★★ | Low |
| Zeaxanthin | ★★★★★ | Low |
| Selenium | ★★★★★ | Low |
| N-Acetyl Cysteine (NAC) | ★★★★★ | Low |
| Multivitamin | ★★★★★ | Low |
| Lutein | ★★★★★ | Low |
| L-Carnitine | ★★★★★ | Low |
| Boswellia | ★★★★★ | Low |
| Vitamin B3 (Niacin) | ★★★★★ | Low |
| Vitamin B12 | ★★★★★ | Very Low / None |
| Curcumin | ★★★★★ | Very Low / None |
| Branched Chain Amino Acids (BCAAs) | ★★★★★ | Low |
| Vitamin B6 | ★★★★★ | Very Low / None |
| Reishi | ★★★★★ | Very Low / None |
| Nattokinase | ★★★★★ | Very Low / None |
| Lion's Mane Mushroom | ★★★★★ | Very Low / None |
| Inositol | ★★★★★ | Very Low / None |
| Bacopa | ★★★★★ | Very Low / None |
| Alpha-Lipoic Acid | ★★★★★ | Very Low / None |
Studies
Find individual evidence reviews for supplements sorted by DEX Score.
28 supplements for , and rated at least stars. All purchase bands. No minimum star filter.
Acetyl-L-CarnitineView supplement →
Consider purchase·★★★★★
How we scored this▸
- Taking acetyl-L-carnitine by mouth, usually 1.5 to 3 grams daily for 3 to 12 months, might help slow the worsening of Alzheimer's disease and improve memory, thinking skills, and behavior in some people.
- It seems to work better in people who get Alzheimer's before age 66 and whose symptoms get worse quickly.
- It is not clear how well it compares to regular Alzheimer's medications.
Browse 8 studies·1 meta-analysis
Systematic reviewAcetyl-L-carnitine for dementia2003
A Cochrane review of 11 Alzheimer's trials found acetyl-L-carnitine showed no benefit on cognition, dementia severity, or functional ability, though a chance finding on clinical global impression did not support routine use.
- Effect
- No Benefit
- Dose
- 2 g/day
- Population
- Adults with dementia
MetaMeta-analysis of double-blind randomized controlled clinical trials of acetyl-L-carnitine versus placebo in the treatment of mild cognitive impairment and mild Alzheimer's disease2003
A meta-analysis of double-blind RCTs (3–12 months, 1.5–3 g/day) in mild cognitive impairment and early Alzheimer's found acetyl-L-carnitine significantly improved clinical and psychometric scores versus placebo, with benefits apparent by 3 months.
- Effect
- Benefit
- Duration
- 3 months
- Dose
- 3.0 g/day
RCTAcetyl-L-carnitine slows decline in younger patients with Alzheimer's disease: a reanalysis of a double-blind, placebo-controlled study using the trilinear approach1998n=334
A reanalysis of a 334-patient, 1-year Alzheimer's RCT found acetyl-L-carnitine slowed cognitive decline only in patients under age 61; overall groups declined at the same rate.
- Effect
- No Benefit
- Duration
- 1 year
- Population
- Dementia patients
- Participants
- 334
RCTA 1-year multicenter placebo-controlled study of acetyl-L-carnitine in patients with Alzheimer's disease1996
A 1-year RCT in 431 mild-to-moderate Alzheimer's patients found 3 g/day acetyl-L-carnitine did not slow overall decline, though early-onset patients (≤65 years) showed a trend toward slower progression.
- Effect
- No Benefit
- Duration
- 12 months
- Dose
- 3 g/day
- Population
- Dementia patients
- Avg age
- ~65
RCTClinical and neurochemical effects of acetyl-L-carnitine in Alzheimer's disease1995
A 1-year double-blind study in 12 probable Alzheimer's patients found acetyl-L-carnitine significantly slowed MMSE and ADAS decline and normalized brain phosphomonoester levels versus placebo.
- Effect
- Benefit
- Population
- Dementia patients
RCTDouble-blind parallel design pilot study of acetyl levocarnitine in patients with Alzheimer's disease1992
A 6-month pilot RCT in 30 mild-to-moderate Alzheimer's patients found acetyl levocarnitine (2.5–3 g/day) reduced deterioration on timed cancellation and digit span versus placebo.
- Effect
- Benefit
- Duration
- 3 months
- Dose
- 2.5–3 g/day
- Population
- Dementia patients
RCTLong-term acetyl-L-carnitine treatment in Alzheimer's disease1991n=130
A 1-year RCT in 130 Alzheimer's patients found acetyl-L-carnitine slowed deterioration on 13 of 14 outcome measures, reaching significance on Blessed Dementia Scale, logical intelligence, and selective attention.
- Effect
- Benefit
- Population
- Patients with Alzheimer's disease
- Participants
- 130
RCTDouble-blind, placebo-controlled study of acetyl-L-carnitine in patients with Alzheimer's dementia1990n=36
A 24-week RCT in 36 Alzheimer-type dementia patients found acetyl-L-carnitine 2 g/day showed trends toward better short-term memory scores, but group differences did not reach statistical significance.
- Effect
- No Benefit
- Duration
- 24 weeks
- Dose
- 2 g/day
- Population
- Dementia patients
- Participants
- 36
Panax GinsengView supplement →
Consider purchase·★★★★★
How we scored this▸
- Early research suggests that taking Panax ginseng in higher doses for about 3 months might help improve thinking and memory in people with Alzheimer disease.
- These studies have some limitations, so more research is needed to confirm these effects.
Browse 5 studies
RCTHeat-processed ginseng enhances the cognitive function in patients with moderately severe Alzheimer's disease2012n=10
A 24-week RCT in 40 Alzheimer's patients found heat-processed ginseng (1.5–4.5 g/day) improved MMSE and ADAS scores, with greater benefits at higher doses.
- Effect
- Benefit
- Duration
- 24 weeks
- Dose
- 1.5 g/day
- Population
- Patients with Alzheimer's disease
- Participants
- 10
Open-labelImprovement of cognitive deficit in Alzheimer's disease patients by long term treatment with korean red ginseng2011
An open-label extension in Alzheimer's patients found 4.5–9 g/day Korean red ginseng maintained improved MMSE and ADAS scores for up to 96 weeks after initial 24-week gains.
- Effect
- Benefit
- Dose
- 4.5 g/day
- Population
- Dementia patients
- Ages
- 50–80
RCTAn open-label trial of Korean red ginseng as an adjuvant treatment for cognitive impairment in patients with Alzheimer's disease2008n=31
A 12-week RCT in 61 Alzheimer's patients found 4.5–9 g/day Korean red ginseng as adjuvant therapy improved cognitive and clinical dementia ratings versus control.
- Effect
- Benefit
- Duration
- 12 weeks
- Dose
- 4.5 g/day
- Population
- Dementia patients
- Participants
- 31
RCTPanax ginseng enhances cognitive performance in Alzheimer disease2008n=58
An open-label 12-week RCT in 97 Alzheimer's patients found 4.5 g/day Panax ginseng improved ADAS and MMSE scores, with benefits persisting 12 weeks after discontinuation.
- Effect
- Benefit
- Duration
- 12 weeks
- Dose
- 4.5 g/day
- Population
- Dementia patients
- Participants
- 58
Cognitive improvement by ginseng in Alzheimer's disease2007
A study reported cognitive improvement with ginseng in Alzheimer's disease patients, but the batch record lacked an abstract for specific outcome details.
- Effect
- Benefit
- Population
- Dementia patients
PhosphatidylserineView supplement →
Consider purchase·★★★★★
How we scored this▸
- Research in people with Alzheimer’s disease shows that taking phosphatidylserine made from bovine (cow) brain for up to 12 weeks can help improve memory, thinking, and behavior.
- Typical doses studied were 300–400 mg per day, divided into smaller doses.
- These benefits seem to be strongest in people with mild symptoms and may fade after about 16 weeks as the condition progresses.
Browse 6 studies
RCTLong-term effects of phosphatidylserine, pyritinol, and cognitive training in Alzheimer's disease. A neuropsychological, EEG, and PET investigation1994n=70
In 70 Alzheimer's patients, phosphatidylserine 600 mg/day with cognitive training for 6 months affected EEG and brain metabolism, with benefits fading toward study end.
- Effect
- Benefit
- Duration
- 6 months
- Dose
- 600 mg/day
- Population
- Dementia patients
- Participants
- 70
RCTDouble-blind cross-over study of phosphatidylserine vs. placebo in patients with early dementia of the Alzheimer type1992n=33
In 33 early Alzheimer-type dementia patients, phosphatidylserine 300 mg/day for 8 weeks in crossover design showed more global improvement on BC-PS than placebo in phase one.
- Effect
- Benefit
- Duration
- 8 weeks
- Dose
- 300 mg/day
- Population
- Patients with Alzheimer's disease
- Participants
- 33
RCTEffects of phosphatidylserine in Alzheimer's disease1992n=51
In 51 probable Alzheimer's patients, bovine phosphatidylserine 300 mg/day for 12 weeks improved several cognitive measures versus placebo, with greater benefit in milder impairment.
- Effect
- Benefit
- Duration
- 12 weeks
- Dose
- 300 mg/day
- Population
- Patients with Alzheimer's disease
- Participants
- 51
Effect of Phosphatidylserine on Cerebral Glucose Metabolism in Alzheimer's Disease1990n=8
This study evaluated phosphatidylserine’s effects on cerebral glucose metabolism in Alzheimer’s disease via PET imaging, noting mild metabolic improvements in some regions. A 3-wk study including 8 patients with probable Alzheimer’s disease found that phosphatidylserine (500 mg/day) improved cortical glucose metabolism but did not result in clinically significant benefits.
- Effect
- Benefit
- Duration
- 3 weeks
- Dose
- 500 mg/day
- Population
- Patients with Alzheimer's disease
- Participants
- 8
Clinical trialDouble-blind study with phosphatidylserine (PS) in parkinsonian patients with senile dementia of Alzheimer's type (SDAT)1989
A double-blind study in Parkinsonian patients with Alzheimer-type dementia reported phosphatidylserine accelerated slowed EEG and improved anxiety and motivation on the SCAG scale.
- Effect
- Benefit
- Duration
- 18 months
- Population
- Patients with senile dementia of Alzheimer's type (SDAT)
RCTDouble-blind randomized controlled study of phosphatidylserine in senile demented patients1986n=35
This randomized placebo-controlled study found that phosphatidylserine improved certain cognitive measures in elderly patients with senile dementia. A 6-week study including 35 hospitalised patients with cognitive impairment found that 3 x 100 mg/day phosphatidylserine inconsistently improved behavioural symptoms after 6 weeks, and at 3 weeks after the end of the study (t = 9 weeks). Patients were evaluated using the Crichton Scale, an original scale (Peri Scale) and circle crossing test but only the Peri Scale results were significant (P < 0.05). Results (Baseline to 1-wk to 6-wk): - Crichton Scale: Placebo (23.94 to 23.89 to 23.94), PS (26.47 to 25.29 to 24.35) – Not significant - Peri Scale: Placebo (145.44 to 146.11 to 147.55), PS (143.94 to 149.64 to 152) - Circle Crossing Test (Cognitive Test): Placebo (24.64 correct responses to 21.5 to 21.43), PS (19.50 to 23.6 to 22.00) – Not significant In dementia patients, phosphatidylserine improved behavioural symptoms in one of three testing methods. Phosphatidylserine may be less effective in more severe cases of cognitive impairment including dementia.
- Effect
- Benefit
- Duration
- 6 weeks
- Dose
- 100 mg/day
- Population
- Older adults
- Participants
- 35
Vitamin EView supplement →
Consider purchase·★★★★★
How we scored this▸
- Vitamin E may be beneficial for some people with Alzheimer's disease.
- Taking high-dose vitamin E supplements may slow the loss of function in people with moderate Alzheimer’s disease.
- Studies showed vitamin E slowed cognitive decline similarly to certain medicines and delayed worsening by about six months.
- However vitamin E does not prevent Alzheimer’s or help in mild memory problems.
- Taking vitamin E with certain Alzheimer’s drugs does not work better than no treatment.
- Because high doses of vitamin E may cause side effects, some health organizations recommend not using it to treat dementia.
Browse 9 studies·1 meta-analysis
RCTAssociation of Antioxidant Supplement Use and Dementia in the Prevention of Alzheimer's Disease by Vitamin E and Selenium Trial (PREADViSE)2017n=7,540
In 3786 older men from PREADViSE/SELECT, vitamin E or selenium used up to 7 years did not prevent dementia versus placebo.
- Effect
- No Benefit
- Population
- Older men
- Participants
- 7,540
- Ages
- 60+
Preventing Dementia: Many Issues and Not Enough Time2017
A review discussed multiple challenges in designing dementia prevention trials, including vitamin E and other interventions, noting insufficient time and methodological issues.
Systematic reviewVitamin E for Alzheimer's dementia and mild cognitive impairment2017n=516
A Cochrane review found insufficient evidence that vitamin E supplements improve cognition or slow decline in Alzheimer's disease or mild cognitive impairment.
- Effect
- No Benefit
- Duration
- 36 months
- Participants
- 516
Effect of Vitamin E and Memantine on Functional Decline in Alzheimer Disease2014
A study found that vitamin E (2000 IU/day dl-alpha tocopherol) given to patients with mild to moderate Alzheimer’s disease slowed functional decline by 6.2 months and reduced caregiver time in assisting patients over a 2.27 year follow up period. Neither 20 mg/day memantine or a combination of alpha tocopherol and memantine showed clinical benefit.
- Effect
- Benefit
- Dose
- 2000 IU/day
- Population
- Patients
RCTEffect of vitamin E and memantine on functional decline in Alzheimer disease: the TEAM-AD VA cooperative randomized trial2014n=155
The TEAM-AD RCT in 613 mild-moderate Alzheimer's patients found vitamin E 2,000 IU/day slowed functional decline versus placebo; memantine showed no benefit.
- Effect
- Benefit
- Duration
- ~2.3 years
- Dose
- 2000 IU/day
- Population
- Patients
- Participants
- 155
MetaDietary intakes of vitamin E, vitamin C, and β-carotene and risk of Alzheimer's disease: a meta-analysis2012
A meta-analysis found higher dietary intakes of vitamins E, C, and beta-carotene associated with lower Alzheimer's disease risk in observational studies.
- Effect
- Benefit
ObservationalDietary antioxidants and long-term risk of dementia2010n=5,395
A cohort of 5,395 older adults found higher dietary vitamins E and C associated with lower long-term dementia risk over extended follow-up.
- Effect
- Benefit
- Duration
- 6 years
- Population
- Older adults
- Participants
- 5,395
RCTVitamin E and donepezil for the treatment of mild cognitive impairment2005n=769
An RCT in 769 adults with amnestic mild cognitive impairment found neither vitamin E 2,000 IU/day nor donepezil significantly reduced progression to Alzheimer's disease versus placebo at 3 years.
- Effect
- No Benefit
- Duration
- 12 months
- Dose
- 2000 IU/day
- Population
- MCI patients
- Participants
- 769
RCTA controlled trial of selegiline, alpha-tocopherol, or both as treatment for Alzheimer's disease. The Alzheimer's Disease Cooperative Study1997n=341
A large randomized trial found that high-dose vitamin E (2000 IU/day) slowed the progression of functional decline in moderate Alzheimer's disease, with effects similar to selegiline but not additive. A 2-yr study including 341 patients with Alzheimer’s disease of moderate severity, assigned patients either selegiline (10 mg/day), dl-alpha-tocopherol (vitamin E, 2000 IU/day), both selegiline and alpha-tocopherol, or placebo. The primary outcome was the occurrence of any of: death, institutionalisation, loss of ability to perform basic activities of daily living, or severe dementia. In adjusted analyses, the median time to primary outcome was longer in patients treated with selegiline (655 days), alpha-tocopherol (670 days) or alpha-tocopherol + selegiline (585 days) when compared to placebo (440 days). Supplementing vitamin E may delay the progression of moderate Alzheimer’s disease.
- Effect
- Benefit
- Duration
- 2 years
- Dose
- 2000 IU/day
- Population
- Dementia patients
- Participants
- 341
Alpha-GPCView supplement →
Consider purchase·★★★★★
How we scored this▸
- Research shows that taking 1200 mg of alpha-GPC daily for up to 6 months can improve memory and thinking skills in people with cognitive problems.
- When combined with the common Alzheimer's medication donepezil, alpha-GPC may provide even better benefits, helping with memory, behavior, and daily function more than donepezil alone.
Browse 2 studies·1 meta-analysis
MetaActivity of Choline Alphoscerate on Adult-Onset Cognitive Dysfunctions: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis2023
Meta-analysis of 7 RCTs found alpha-GPC alone or with donepezil improved cognition, function, and behavior in adult-onset cognitive impairment from cerebrovascular injury.
- Effect
- Benefit
- Dose
- 200 mg/day
- Population
- Adults
RCTCognitive improvement in mild to moderate Alzheimer's dementia after treatment with the acetylcholine precursor choline alfoscerate: a multicenter, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial2003n=261
180-day multicenter RCT in 261 mild-to-moderate Alzheimer patients found choline alfoscerate improved ADAS-Cog, MMSE, and global scores versus worsening on placebo.
- Effect
- Benefit
- Duration
- 180 days
- Population
- Dementia patients
- Participants
- 261
- Ages
- 60–80
GinkgoView supplement →
Consider purchase·★★★★★
How we scored this▸
- Oral ginkgo may improve dementia in some people.
- The research is still limited, so more studies are needed to know how reliable the benefit is.
Browse 4 studies
RCTGinkgo biloba extract EGb 761® in dementia with neuropsychiatric features: a randomised, placebo-controlled trial to confirm the efficacy and safety of a daily dose of 240 mg2012n=202
In 410 dementia outpatients, ginkgo EGb 761 240 mg/day for 24 weeks significantly improved cognitive (SKT) and neuropsychiatric (NPI) scores versus placebo.
- Effect
- Benefit
- Duration
- 24 weeks
- Dose
- 240 mg/day
- Population
- Dementia patients
- Participants
- 202
RCTLong-term use of standardised Ginkgo biloba extract for the prevention of Alzheimer's disease (GuidAge): a randomised placebo-controlled trial2012n=2,854
In 2,854 elderly adults with memory complaints followed 5 years, ginkgo biloba 120 mg twice daily did not reduce incidence of Alzheimer disease versus placebo (GuidAge trial).
- Effect
- No Benefit
- Duration
- 5 years
- Dose
- 240 mg/day
- Population
- Older adults
- Participants
- 2,854
- Avg age
- ~70
RCTEfficacy and tolerability of a once daily formulation of Ginkgo biloba extract EGb 761® in Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia: results from a randomised controlled trial2011n=333
In 404 dementia outpatients, ginkgo EGb 761 240 mg/day for 24 weeks significantly improved SKT cognitive scores by 1.7 points in Alzheimer disease versus placebo.
- Effect
- Benefit
- Duration
- 24 weeks
- Dose
- 240 mg/day
- Population
- Older adults
- Participants
- 333
RCTGinkgo biloba extract EGb 761(R), donepezil or both combined in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease with neuropsychiatric features: a randomised, double-blind, exploratory trial2009n=96
In 96 Alzheimer patients with neuropsychiatric features, ginkgo EGb 761 240 mg/day was comparable to donepezil for cognitive improvement over 22 weeks in an exploratory trial.
- Effect
- Benefit
- Duration
- 22 weeks
- Dose
- 240 mg/day
- Population
- Older adults
- Participants
- 96
- Avg age
- ~50
Vitamin B9 (Folate)View supplement →
Reconsider purchase·★★★★★
How we scored this▸
- It is unclear if taking folic acid helps prevent or treat Alzheimer’s disease.
- People with low folate or high homocysteine levels have a higher chance of developing Alzheimer’s.
- Some studies show that getting enough folate from food and supplements might lower this risk.
- Small studies found that folic acid, when taken with vitamin B12, can help improve memory and thinking in people with Alzheimer’s who are not getting much folate in their diet.
- But other studies in people who already eat folate-fortified foods show no benefit.
- Some research even suggests that taking folic acid alone could raise the risk of Alzheimer’s disease, but this risk seems to go away when folic acid is taken with other B vitamins.
- More research is needed to understand the effects of folate for treating Alzheimer's disease.
Browse 6 studies·1 meta-analysis
RCTEffects of Folic Acid and Vitamin B12 Supplementation on Cognitive Impairment and Inflammation in Patients with Alzheimer's Disease: A Randomized, Single-Blinded, Placebo-Controlled Trial2021n=120
A randomized trial of 120 dementia patients found that 1.2 mg/day moreover, supplementation significantly increased plasma SAM (P<0.001) and SAM/SAH (P<0.001), and significantly decreased the levels of serum Hcy (P<0.001), plasma SAH (P<0.001), and serum TNFα (P<0.001) compared to in the control subjects.
- Effect
- Benefit
- Duration
- 6 months
- Dose
- 1.2 mg/day
- Population
- Dementia patients
- Participants
- 120
RCTA randomised double-blind placebo-controlled trial of folic acid supplementation of cholinesterase inhibitors in Alzheimer's disease2008n=23
A randomized trial of 23 dementia patients found that 1 mg folic acid/day there were no significant baseline differences or use of individual ChI between the two arms.
- Effect
- Benefit
- Duration
- 6 months
- Dose
- 1 mg folic acid/day
- Population
- Dementia patients
- Participants
- 23
- Avg age
- ~76
RCTHigh-dose B vitamin supplementation and cognitive decline in Alzheimer disease: a randomized controlled trial2008n=340
A randomized trial of 340 dementia patients found that 5 mg/day for 18 months prior studies of B vitamins to reduce homocysteine in AD have not had sufficient size or duration to assess their effect on cognitive decline.
- Effect
- No Benefit
- Duration
- 18 months
- Dose
- 5 mg/day
- Population
- Dementia patients
- Participants
- 340
ObservationalRelation of higher folate intake to lower risk of Alzheimer disease in the elderly2007
An observational study of 192 older adults found that the highest quartile of total folate intake was related to a lower risk of AD (hazard ratio, 0.5; 95% confidence interval, 0.3-0.9; P=.02 for trend) after adjustment for age, sex, education, ethnic group, the epsilon4 allele of apolipoprotein E, diabetes mellitus,.
- Effect
- Benefit
- Population
- Older adults
Reduced risk of Alzheimer's disease with high folate intake: the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging2005n=57
A study of 57 older adults found that when these 3 vitamins were analyzed together, only total intake of folate at or above the RDA (RR, 0.45; 95% CI, 0.21 to 0.97) was associated with a significant decreased risk of AD.
- Effect
- Benefit
- Duration
- 7 days
- Population
- Older adults
- Participants
- 57
MetaA critical evaluation of the relationship between serum vitamin B, folate and total homocysteine with cognitive impairment in the elderly2004
A meta-analysis found that all three case control studies found that serum total homocysteine was significantly higher in cases when compared with controls, and there was wide variation for both serum vitamin B(12) and folate in both groups of participants.
- Population
- Older adults
- Ages
- 60+
Vitamin DView supplement →
Reconsider purchase·★★★★★
How we scored this▸
- It is unclear if taking vitamin D by mouth helps with Alzheimer's disease.
- Some research suggests that people with Alzheimer's tend to have lower vitamin D levels in their blood, about 2.5 ng/mL less than those without the disease.
- But other studies have found no clear link between low vitamin D and the risk of Alzheimer's.
Browse 3 studies·2 meta-analyses
RCTEffects of vitamin D supplementation on cognitive function and blood Aβ-related biomarkers in older adults with Alzheimer's disease: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial2019
In 210 Alzheimer patients given 800 IU/day vitamin D for 12 months, supplementation improved cognitive scores and reduced amyloid-related biomarkers versus placebo.
- Effect
- Benefit
- Duration
- 12 months
- Dose
- 800 IU/day
- Population
- Older adults
MetaVitamin D concentration and risk of Alzheimer disease: A meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies2019n=21,692
A meta-analysis of 6 prospective cohorts (21,692 adults, 1,607 AD cases) found serum vitamin D deficiency was not statistically associated with increased Alzheimer disease risk.
- Effect
- No Benefit
- Population
- Adults
- Participants
- 21,692
MetaVitamin D, cognition, and dementia: a systematic review and meta-analysis2012
A systematic review found lower vitamin D concentrations associated with poorer cognitive performance and higher Alzheimer disease risk in observational studies, with limited RCT evidence.
- Effect
- Benefit
- Population
- Adults
Milk ThistleView supplement →
Reconsider purchase·★★★★★
How we scored this▸
- It is not clear if milk thistle helps people with Alzheimer’s disease. One small study found that taking 450 mg of milk thistle daily for 3 months improved memory and thinking skills, but another similar study found no benefit when taking a lower dose over 6 months.
- Some studies using supplements combining milk thistle with other natural ingredients suggested that memory and thinking may stay stable in people with Alzheimer’s, but it is not clear if milk thistle was responsible.
Browse 3 studies
RCTAdjunctive silymarin supplementation and its effects on disease severity, oxidative stress, and inflammation in patients with Alzheimer's disease2024n=33
An RCT of 33 Alzheimer's disease patients found adjunct silymarin 750 mg/day for 3 months improved MMSE scores and reduced malondialdehyde and catalase vs placebo.
- Effect
- Benefit
- Duration
- 3 months
- Dose
- 750 mg/day
- Population
- Dementia patients
- Participants
- 33
RCTEffects silymarin and rosuvastatin on amyloid-carriers level in dyslipidemic Alzheimer's patients: A double-blind placebo-controlled randomized clinical trial2024n=36
An RCT of 36 dyslipidemic Alzheimer's patients found silymarin 140 mg three times daily for 6 months increased the Aβ42/Aβ40 ratio vs placebo and rosuvastatin.
- Effect
- Benefit
- Duration
- 6 months
- Dose
- 10 mg 3×/day
- Population
- Adults with Alzheimer's disease
- Participants
- 36
Clinical trial[Clinical stabilisation in neurodegenerative diseases: clinical study in phase II]2010n=17
A phase II clinical study of 42 neurodegenerative disease patients found a multi-ingredient antioxidant compound achieved clinical stabilization in all MS, Parkinson's, and Alzheimer's patients followed for up to 24 months.
- Population
- ALL patients
- Participants
- 17
ResveratrolView supplement →
Reconsider purchase·★★★★★
How we scored this▸
- It is not clear if resveratrol helps with Alzheimer’s symptoms.
- Some studies suggest it may help people with daily activities, but it does not improve memory or thinking ability.
Browse 1 study·1 meta-analysis
MetaEvidence of Clinical Efficacy and Pharmacological Mechanisms of Resveratrol in the Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease2023
A meta-analysis of resveratrol RCTs in Alzheimer disease found modest cognitive benefits in some trials, with pharmacological targets including SIRT1 and inflammatory pathways.
- Effect
- Benefit
- Population
- Alzheimer's disease patients
BoswelliaView supplement →
Reconsider purchase·★★★★★
How we scored this▸
- It is unclear if taking Boswellia serrata helps improve cognitive skills in people with Alzheimer’s disease.
- A small study found that taking 1200 mg daily of a specific Boswellia extract for six months improved behavior, reduced dementia severity, and helped cognition compared to a placebo.
Browse 1 study
RCTBoswellic Acids Improve Clinical Cognitive Scores and Reduce Systemic Inflammation in Patients with Mild to Moderate Alzheimer's Disease2023n=85
In 85 patients with mild-to-moderate Alzheimer's disease, boswellic acids (K-Vie™) for 6 months improved MMSE by 3.1 points and CDR-SOB by 1.6 points versus placebo, with reduced IL-6 and TNF-α.
- Effect
- Benefit
- Duration
- 6 months
- Population
- Patients with Alzheimer's disease
- Participants
- 85
L-CarnitineView supplement →
Reconsider purchase·★★★★★
How we scored this▸
- Current research does not clearly show that L-carnitine improves thinking or memory skills in Alzheimer's disease.
- A study of people with mild to moderate cognitive problems found no clear benefit when L-carnitine was taken along with other supplements, except for a small improvement in those with more severe symptoms.
Browse 1 study
RCTCombined metabolic activators improve cognitive functions in Alzheimer’s disease patients: a randomised, double-blinded, placebo-controlled phase-II trial2023
In Alzheimer's disease patients, combined metabolic activators including L-carnitine for 84 days improved cognitive test scores versus control in a randomized trial.
- Effect
- Benefit
- Duration
- 84 days
- Dose
- 3.73 g/day
- Population
- Dementia patients
- Ages
- 50+
LuteinView supplement →
Reconsider purchase·★★★★★
How we scored this▸
- In people with mild to moderate memory problems, taking supplements containing lutein, zeaxanthin, fish oil, and vitamin E for a year did not change the severity of memory issues compared to a placebo, but some people had a slower decline in memory.
Browse 1 study
RCTSupplementation With Carotenoids, Omega-3 Fatty Acids, and Vitamin E Has a Positive Effect on the Symptoms and Progression of Alzheimer’s Disease2022n=50
In 50 mild-moderate Alzheimer's patients, 12 months of fish oil, carotenoids (10 mg lutein, 10 mg meso-zeaxanthin, 2 mg zeaxanthin), and vitamin E improved behavior and function versus placebo.
- Effect
- Benefit
- Duration
- 12 months
- Dose
- 1 g/day
- Population
- Dementia patients
- Participants
- 50
MultivitaminView supplement →
Reconsider purchase·★★★★★
How we scored this▸
- In adults using donepezil for memory problems, taking a daily multivitamin with vitamins A, B6, B12, C, D, folic acid, and minerals for about six months did not help improve thinking skills or daily activities compared to a placebo.
Browse 1 study
RCTEfficacy of multivitamin supplementation containing vitamins B6 and B12 and folic acid as adjunctive treatment with a cholinesterase inhibitor in Alzheimer's disease: a 26-week, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study in Taiwanese patients2007n=89
A 26-week RCT of 89 adults found multivitamins containing B6, B12, and folic acid significantly reduced homocysteine and improved vascular endothelial function versus placebo.
- Effect
- Benefit
- Duration
- 26 weeks
- Dose
- 500 mg/day
- Population
- Adults
- Participants
- 89
- Ages
- >50
N-Acetyl Cysteine (NAC)View supplement →
Reconsider purchase·★★★★★
How we scored this▸
- It’s not clear whether N-acetylcysteine (NAC) helps people with Alzheimer’s disease.
- One small study found that taking NAC by mouth every day for six months did not improve memory or thinking compared to a placebo.
- Another early study found that a supplement combining NAC with L-serine, nicotinamide riboside, and L-carnitine tartrate improved thinking and memory scores by about 14–29%.
- It’s uncertain if the benefit came from NAC, the other ingredients, or their combination.
Browse 2 studies
RCTCombined metabolic activators improve cognitive functions in Alzheimer's disease patients: a randomised, double-blinded, placebo-controlled phase-II trial2023
In Alzheimer's disease patients, combined metabolic activators including L-carnitine for 84 days improved cognitive test scores versus control in a randomized trial.
- Effect
- Benefit
- Duration
- 84 days
- Dose
- 3.73 g/day
- Population
- Dementia patients
- Ages
- 50+
RCTControlled trial of N-acetylcysteine for patients with probable Alzheimer's disease2001
A controlled trial found NAC did not significantly slow cognitive decline in probable Alzheimer's disease patients over the study period.
- Effect
- Benefit
- Duration
- 6 months
- Population
- Alzheimer's disease patients
SeleniumView supplement →
Reconsider purchase·★★★★★
How we scored this▸
- Taking selenium with probiotics for 12 weeks may improve thinking skills in people with Alzheimer disease, but selenium alone does not seem to help.
- A small study found that very high doses of selenium did not improve memory or brain tests, though it might preserve brain axonal integrity.
Browse 2 studies
RCTProbiotic and selenium co-supplementation, and the effects on clinical, metabolic and genetic status in Alzheimer's disease: A randomized, double-blind, controlled trial2019n=27
In 79 Alzheimer's patients over 12 weeks, probiotic plus selenium 200 mcg/day improved inflammation and metabolic markers more than selenium or placebo alone.
- Effect
- Benefit
- Duration
- 12 weeks
- Dose
- 200 mcg/day
- Population
- Dementia patients
- Participants
- 27
RCTA Phase IIa Randomized Control Trial of VEL015 (Sodium Selenate) in Mild-Moderate Alzheimer's Disease2016n=20
A 24-week phase IIa RCT in 40 mild-to-moderate Alzheimer's patients found sodium selenate was safe but exploratory cognitive and biomarker endpoints did not clearly establish efficacy.
- Effect
- Benefit
- Duration
- 24 weeks
- Dose
- 30 mg/day
- Population
- Patients with Alzheimer's disease
- Participants
- 20
- Ages
- ≥55
ZeaxanthinView supplement →
Reconsider purchase·★★★★★
How we scored this▸
- It is not known if taking zeaxanthin by itself helps in Alzheimer disease.
- Studies have only looked at zeaxanthin as part of a combination of supplements including lutein, fish oil, and vitamin E. In people with mild to moderate Alzheimer disease, taking this combination daily for one year did not change how severe the disease became, but slightly more people showed memory improvements or slower decline in memory and mood.
- The specific effects of zeaxanthin alone are still unknown.
Browse 1 study
RCTSupplementation With Carotenoids, Omega-3 Fatty Acids, and Vitamin E Has a Positive Effect on the Symptoms and Progression of Alzheimer's Disease2022n=50
In 50 mild-moderate Alzheimer's patients, 12 months of fish oil, carotenoids (10 mg lutein, 10 mg meso-zeaxanthin, 2 mg zeaxanthin), and vitamin E improved behavior and function versus placebo.
- Effect
- Benefit
- Duration
- 12 months
- Dose
- 1 g/day
- Population
- Dementia patients
- Participants
- 50
Branched Chain Amino Acids (BCAAs)View supplement →
Reconsider purchase·★★★★★
How we scored this▸
- Some studies show that people with higher levels of branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) in their blood have a slightly lower risk (11% to 13%) of dying from heart disease.
- But when other factors like body weight, overall health, and cholesterol medicine use are taken into account, this connection disappears.
- This means that while BCAAs might be linked to heart health, other health conditions and medications play a big role, making it unclear if BCAA levels alone can predict heart risk.
Browse 1 study
ObservationalAssociation of branched-chain amino acids and other circulating metabolites with risk of incident dementia and Alzheimer's disease: A prospective study in eight cohorts2018n=22,623
A prospective analysis of 22,623 participants across 8 cohorts found higher circulating BCAAs, creatinine, and certain lipoproteins were associated with lower dementia and Alzheimer's disease risk.
- Effect
- Benefit
- Participants
- 22,623
CurcuminView supplement →
Reconsider purchase·★★★★★
How we scored this▸
- Taking turmeric or curcumin does not improve thinking skills or stop memory decline in people with Alzheimer disease.
- One small study gave curcumin for 6 months and saw no benefit compared to placebo.
- A review of this and another study found those taking turmeric had more memory decline than those who did not.
- Because the studies are small, more research is needed, but right now turmeric is not recommended for Alzheimer disease.
Browse 3 studies·1 meta-analysis
MetaCurcumin intervention for cognitive function in different types of people: A systematic review and meta-analysis2019n=289
A meta-analysis of 6 studies including 289 patients found that curcumin treated patients did not perform better than placebo in clinical tests of cognitive impairment (MMSE), and trended towards performing worse. In older adults, curcumin supplementation significantly improved memory. [10243]
- Effect
- Benefit
- Population
- Older adults
- Participants
- 289
RCTOral curcumin for Alzheimer's disease: tolerability and efficacy in a 24-week randomized, double blind, placebo-controlled study2012n=30
A study of 36 patients with mild-to-moderate Alzheimer’s disease given 4 g/day curcumin C3 complex or placebo found no clinical benefits after both 24 weeks and 48 weeks. Those given 2 g/day curcumin also did not experience any benefit. Curcumin did not decrease amyloid-beta levels in the cerebrospinal fluid. [10244]
- Effect
- No Benefit
- Duration
- 24 weeks
- Dose
- 4 g/day
- Population
- Healthy adults
- Participants
- 30
- Ages
- 18–65
RCTSix-month randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, pilot clinical trial of curcumin in patients with Alzheimer disease2008n=11
A 6-month study including 27 Chinese Alzheimer’s disease patients found that 1 g/day curcumin (n=8) and 4 g/day curcumin (n=11) did not significantly improve markers of brain function compared to placebo. The 4 g/day dose trended towards reduced side effects and was associated with increased plasma AB40 levels. Most changes in plasma AB40 occurred after 1 month of supplementation. [10245]
- Effect
- No Benefit
- Duration
- 1 month
- Dose
- 1 g/day
- Population
- Dementia patients
- Participants
- 11
Vitamin B12View supplement →
Reconsider purchase·★★★★★
How we scored this▸
- Vitamin B12 has no meaningful benefit for Alzheimer's disease.
Browse 4 studies·1 meta-analysis
RCTEffects of Folic Acid and Vitamin B12 Supplementation on Cognitive Impairment and Inflammation in Patients with Alzheimer's Disease: A Randomized, Single-Blinded, Placebo-Controlled Trial2021n=120
A randomized trial of 120 dementia patients found that 1.2 mg/day moreover, supplementation significantly increased plasma SAM (P<0.001) and SAM/SAH (P<0.001), and significantly decreased the levels of serum Hcy (P<0.001), plasma SAH (P<0.001), and serum TNFα (P<0.001) compared to in the control subjects.
- Effect
- Benefit
- Duration
- 6 months
- Dose
- 1.2 mg/day
- Population
- Dementia patients
- Participants
- 120
MetaEffect of homocysteine lowering treatment on cognitive function: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials2012
A meta-analysis found that b-vitamin supplementation did not show an improvement in cognitive function for individuals with (SMD = 0.10, 95%CI -0.08 to 0.28) or without (SMD = -0.03, 95%CI -0.1 to 0.04) significant cognitive impairment.
- Effect
- No Benefit
RCTHigh-dose B vitamin supplementation and cognitive decline in Alzheimer disease: a randomized controlled trial2008n=340
A randomized trial of 340 dementia patients found that 5 mg/day for 18 months prior studies of B vitamins to reduce homocysteine in AD have not had sufficient size or duration to assess their effect on cognitive decline.
- Effect
- No Benefit
- Duration
- 18 months
- Dose
- 5 mg/day
- Population
- Dementia patients
- Participants
- 340
ObservationalRelation of higher folate intake to lower risk of Alzheimer disease in the elderly2007
An observational study of 192 older adults found that the highest quartile of total folate intake was related to a lower risk of AD (hazard ratio, 0.5; 95% confidence interval, 0.3-0.9; P=.02 for trend) after adjustment for age, sex, education, ethnic group, the epsilon4 allele of apolipoprotein E, diabetes mellitus,.
- Effect
- No Benefit
- Population
- Older adults
Vitamin B3 (Niacin)View supplement →
Reconsider purchase·★★★★★
How we scored this▸
- It is not clear whether taking niacin helps prevent Alzheimer’s disease.
- Some research shows that people who consume more niacin from their diet and supplements (17–45 mg per day) may have slower memory loss and a lower chance of developing Alzheimer’s than those who get less (around 14 mg per day).
- But it’s not known if taking niacin supplements alone helps reduce the risk.
Browse 1 study
ObservationalDietary niacin and the risk of incident Alzheimer's disease and of cognitive decline2004n=3,718
An observational study of 3718 found that in a logistic regression model, relative risks (95% confidence intervals) for incident AD from lowest to highest quintiles of total niacin intake were: 1.0 (referent) 0.3 (0.1 to 0.6), 0.3 (0.1 to 0.7), 0.6 (0.3 to 1.3), and 0.3 (0.1 to 0.7) adjusted for age, sex, race,.
- Effect
- Benefit
- Population
- Older adults
- Participants
- 3,718
- Avg age
- ~65
Vitamin B6View supplement →
Do not purchase·★★★★★
How we scored this▸
- Taking vitamin B6 together with folic acid and vitamin B12 does not improve thinking or memory problems in people with Alzheimer's disease.
- Also, getting more vitamin B6 in diet or supplements does not seem to lower the chance of disease.
Browse 3 studies
RCTHigh-dose B vitamin supplementation and cognitive decline in Alzheimer disease: a randomized controlled trial2008n=340
A randomized trial of 340 dementia patients found that 5 mg/day for 18 months prior studies of B vitamins to reduce homocysteine in AD have not had sufficient size or duration to assess their effect on cognitive decline.
- Effect
- No Benefit
- Duration
- 18 months
- Dose
- 5 mg/day
- Population
- Dementia patients
- Participants
- 340
ObservationalRelation of higher folate intake to lower risk of Alzheimer disease in the elderly2007
An observational study of 192 older adults found that the highest quartile of total folate intake was related to a lower risk of AD (hazard ratio, 0.5; 95% confidence interval, 0.3-0.9; P=.02 for trend) after adjustment for age, sex, education, ethnic group, the epsilon4 allele of apolipoprotein E, diabetes mellitus,.
- Effect
- Benefit
- Population
- Older adults
Reduced risk of Alzheimer's disease with high folate intake: the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging2005n=57
A study of 57 older adults found that when these 3 vitamins were analyzed together, only total intake of folate at or above the RDA (RR, 0.45; 95% CI, 0.21 to 0.97) was associated with a significant decreased risk of AD.
- Effect
- Benefit
- Duration
- 7 days
- Population
- Older adults
- Participants
- 57
Alpha-Lipoic AcidView supplement →
Do not purchase·★★★★★
How we scored this▸
- It’s uncertain if alpha-lipoic acid helps slow memory loss in Alzheimer’s or dementia.
- Some early research suggests it might help when taken with Alzheimer’s drugs, especially in people with diabetes, but larger, better studies combining alpha-lipoic acid with other antioxidants show no clear benefit.
- More research is needed to understand its clinical effects.
Browse 4 studies
RCTAntioxidants for Alzheimer disease: a randomized clinical trial with cerebrospinal fluid biomarker measures2012n=78
16-week RCT in 78 mild-to-moderate Alzheimer patients given 900 mg/day ALA with vitamins found antioxidants did not change CSF amyloid or tau markers and coincided with faster MMSE decline.
- Effect
- No Benefit
- Duration
- 16 weeks
- Dose
- 900 mg/day
- Participants
- 78
RCTDown syndrome and dementia: a randomized, controlled trial of antioxidant supplementation2011n=53
2-year RCT in 53 Down syndrome adults with dementia given 600 mg/day ALA plus vitamins found no cognitive stabilization versus placebo, though supplementation was safe.
- Effect
- No Benefit
- Duration
- 2 years
- Dose
- 600 mg/day
- Population
- Adults
- Participants
- 53
- Ages
- ≥40
Open-labelAlpha-lipoic acid as a new treatment option for Alzheimer's disease--a 48 months follow-up analysis2007n=43
Open-label follow-up of 43 Alzheimer patients on 600 mg/day ALA plus cholinesterase inhibitors suggested slower cognitive decline over up to 48 months versus typical progression rates.
- Duration
- 48 months
- Dose
- 600 mg/day
- Population
- Patients with Alzheimer's disease
- Participants
- 43
Open-labelAlpha-lipoic acid as a new treatment option for Alzheimer [corrected] type dementia2001n=9
Open-label study of 9 dementia patients on 600 mg/day ALA for about 11 months reported stabilized MMSE and ADAScog scores, suggesting possible neuroprotective benefit needing confirmation.
- Effect
- Benefit
- Duration
- ~11 months
- Dose
- 600 mg/day
- Population
- Dementia patients
- Participants
- 9
BacopaView supplement →
Do not purchase·★★★★★
How we scored this▸
- It is unclear whether taking bacopa supplements helps people with Alzheimer disease or mild memory problems.
- One small study found that taking 300 mg of bacopa daily for a year did not improve memory or thinking skills compared to a standard Alzheimer medication or to the patients' initial condition.
Browse 1 study
RCTEfficacy of Bacopa monnieri (Brahmi) and Donepezil in Alzheimer's disease and mild cognitive impairment: A randomized double-blind parallel Phase 2b study2020n=48
A phase 2b RCT comparing 300 mg/day bacopa with donepezil for 12 months in AD/MCI patients found no significant difference in ADAS-Cog decline after slow recruitment and high dropout.
- Effect
- No Benefit
- Duration
- 12 months
- Dose
- 300 mg/day
- Population
- Patients with Alzheimer's disease
- Participants
- 48
InositolView supplement →
Do not purchase·★★★★★
How we scored this▸
- A plain-language summary is not available for alzheimer's disease.
- More studies are needed before any benefit can be considered reliable.
Browse 2 studies
RCTA phase 2 randomized trial of ELND005, scyllo-inositol, in mild to moderate Alzheimer disease2011n=84
In a phase 2 RCT of 353 patients with mild-to-moderate Alzheimer disease, ELND005 (scyllo-inositol) over 78 weeks did not improve cognition or daily function versus placebo.
- Effect
- No Benefit
- Duration
- 78 weeks
- Dose
- 250 mg/day
- Population
- Alzheimer disease patients
- Participants
- 84
RCTInositol treatment of Alzheimer's disease: a double blind, cross-over placebo controlled trial1996
In 11 Alzheimer patients in a crossover trial, 6 g/day inositol for 1 month improved language and orientation modestly but showed no overall CAMCOG benefit versus placebo.
- Effect
- No Benefit
- Duration
- 1 month
- Dose
- 6 g/day
- Population
- Alzheimer disease patients
Lion's Mane MushroomView supplement →
Do not purchase·★★★★★
How we scored this▸
- Early research suggests that taking lion's mane mushroom extract for nearly a year may help people over 50 with mild memory problems perform daily activities better and improve some cognitive test scores.
Browse 1 study
RCTPrevention of Early Alzheimer's Disease by Erinacine A-Enriched Hericium erinaceus Mycelia Pilot Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Study2020
In mild Alzheimer's patients, 49 weeks of erinacine A-enriched Lion's Mane mycelia (1,050 mg/day) did not meet primary cognitive endpoints versus placebo in a pilot RCT.
- Effect
- No Benefit
- Duration
- 49 weeks
- Dose
- 50 mg/day
- Population
- Older adults with cognitive decline
- Ages
- 50+
NattokinaseView supplement →
Do not purchase·★★★★★
How we scored this▸
- A clinical study tested whether soy isoflavone supplements could help thinking and memory problems in people with Alzheimer’s disease.
- The study found no clear benefit from soy isoflavones compared to placebo for improving memory or thinking ability.
Browse 1 study
RCTCognitive Effects of Soy Isoflavones in Patients with Alzheimer's Disease2015n=65
A 6-month RCT in 65 Alzheimer's patients found 100 mg/day soy isoflavones did not improve cognition versus placebo despite prior benefits in healthy older adults.
- Effect
- No Benefit
- Dose
- 100 mg/day
- Population
- Adults
- Participants
- 65
- Avg age
- ~76
ReishiView supplement →
Do not purchase·★★★★★
How we scored this▸
- A small study in people with Alzheimer disease found that taking reishi mushroom powder three times daily for 6 weeks did not improve memory, language, or quality of life compared to a placebo.
Browse 1 study
RCTSpore powder of Ganoderma lucidum for the treatment of Alzheimer disease: A pilot study2018n=42
In 42 Alzheimer disease patients over 6 weeks, Ganoderma lucidum spore powder did not significantly improve ADAS-cog scores versus placebo in this pilot RCT.
- Effect
- No Benefit
- Duration
- 6 weeks
- Population
- Dementia patients
- Participants
- 42
- Ages
- 50–86
Evidence visualised
Same ratings as above, aggregated so you can see coverage and imbalance.
| Supplement | DEX | Studies | Meta-analyses | Share |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Vitamin E | ★★★★★68% | 9 | 1 | 12% |
| Acetyl-L-Carnitine | ★★★★★68% | 8 | 1 | 10% |
| Phosphatidylserine | ★★★★★68% | 6 | 0 | 8% |
| Vitamin B9 (Folate) | ★★★★★52% | 6 | 1 | 8% |
| Panax Ginseng | ★★★★★68% | 5 | 0 | 6% |
| Alpha-Lipoic Acid | ★★★★★32% | 4 | 0 | 5% |
| Ginkgo | ★★★★★64% | 4 | 0 | 5% |
| Vitamin B12 | ★★★★★40% | 4 | 1 | 5% |
| Curcumin | ★★★★★40% | 3 | 1 | 4% |
| Milk Thistle | ★★★★★48% | 3 | 0 | 4% |
| Vitamin B6 | ★★★★★36% | 3 | 0 | 4% |
| Vitamin D | ★★★★★52% | 3 | 2 | 4% |
| Alpha-GPC | ★★★★★64% | 2 | 1 | 3% |
| Inositol | ★★★★★32% | 2 | 0 | 3% |
| N-Acetyl Cysteine (NAC) | ★★★★★44% | 2 | 0 | 3% |
| Selenium | ★★★★★44% | 2 | 0 | 3% |
| Bacopa | ★★★★★32% | 1 | 0 | 1% |
| Boswellia | ★★★★★44% | 1 | 0 | 1% |
| Branched Chain Amino Acids (BCAAs) | ★★★★★40% | 1 | 0 | 1% |
| L-Carnitine | ★★★★★44% | 1 | 0 | 1% |
| Lion's Mane Mushroom | ★★★★★32% | 1 | 0 | 1% |
| Lutein | ★★★★★44% | 1 | 0 | 1% |
| Multivitamin | ★★★★★44% | 1 | 0 | 1% |
| Nattokinase | ★★★★★32% | 1 | 0 | 1% |
| Reishi | ★★★★★32% | 1 | 0 | 1% |
| Resveratrol | ★★★★★48% | 1 | 1 | 1% |
| Vitamin B3 (Niacin) | ★★★★★40% | 1 | 0 | 1% |
| Zeaxanthin | ★★★★★44% | 1 | 0 | 1% |