Garlic
Garlic and its sulfur compounds are studied for lipids, blood pressure, and immune outcomes. Effects depend on preparation and dose.
Overview
What is garlic?
Garlic (Allium sativum) is a perennial plant with a wide variety of uses in cooking and medicine.
Dosage
A typical dose of garlic is 600-1,200 mg per day.
For raw garlic, the effective dose is at least one garlic clove, with food, two to three times per day.
Effect graph
Effect heatmap
SupplementDEX Database
45 conditions for , and rated at least stars. All purchase bands. No minimum star filter.
Database Snapshot
Most garlic research is concentrated in a handful of conditions.
- Hyperlipidemia accounts for 41 of 168 studies (24%).
- High blood pressure accounts for 16 of 168 studies (10%).
- Stomach cancer accounts for 12 of 168 studies (7%).
- Sparse coverage remains for Athletic performance, Breast cancer risk, Flu.
Safety
Oral garlic consumption in foods or supplements is likely safe and well tolerated.
In rare cases, garlic may result in an allergic reaction.
Frequently Asked Questions
References
Sources145 references
SupplementDEX uses only high-quality sources to determine supplement effectiveness.
SupplementDEX Database · Atherosclerosis
9 references1.SupplementDEX Database: Atherosclerosis — Effect of garlic extract on markers of lipid metabolism and inflammation in coronary artery disease (CAD) patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis2023
A meta-analysis in CAD patients found garlic supplementation significantly lowered LDL cholesterol and raised HDL and apolipoprotein-A versus placebo, with mixed effects on other cardiovascular markers.
2.SupplementDEX Database: Atherosclerosis — The effect of aged garlic extract on the atherosclerotic process - a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial2020
In a 1-year double-blind RCT of 104 adults at cardiovascular risk, 2,400 mg/day aged garlic extract did not significantly slow coronary artery calcification progression versus placebo.
3.SupplementDEX Database: Atherosclerosis — Beneficial effects of aged garlic extract and coenzyme Q10 on vascular elasticity and endothelial function: the FAITH randomized clinical trial2013
In firefighters, 1,200 mg/day aged garlic extract plus 30 mg/day coenzyme Q10 for 1 year improved vascular elasticity measured by pulse-wave velocity and digital thermal monitoring versus placebo.
4.SupplementDEX Database: Atherosclerosis — Aged garlic extract with supplement is associated with increase in brown adipose, decrease in white adipose tissue and predict lack of progression in coronary atherosclerosis2013
In a 12-month RCT of 60 CAD patients, aged garlic extract with B vitamins and L-arginine reduced coronary calcium progression and white epicardial fat while increasing brown epicardial fat versus placebo.
5.SupplementDEX Database: Atherosclerosis — Anti-atherosclerotic therapy based on botanicals2013
In a 2-year double-blind RCT of 196 asymptomatic men (ages 40–74), time-released garlic drug Allicor slowed carotid atherosclerosis progression measured by B-mode ultrasound versus placebo.
6.SupplementDEX Database: Atherosclerosis — The anti-atheroslerotic effect of Allium sativum: statistics re-evaluated2000
A re-evaluation of statistics from a prior garlic atherosclerosis trial concluded that earlier reported anti-atherosclerotic effects were not robustly supported after statistical reassessment.
7.SupplementDEX Database: Atherosclerosis — The antiatherosclerotic effect of Allium sativum1999
In a 48-month double-blind RCT of 152 adults (ages 50–80), high-dose garlic powder tablets reduced atherosclerotic plaque volume by 5–18% and stabilized plaque growth versus placebo.
8.SupplementDEX Database: Atherosclerosis — Protective effect of chronic garlic intake on elastic properties of aorta in the elderly1997
In a cross-sectional study of 101 adults (ages 50–80) taking ≥300 mg/day standardized garlic powder for ≥2 years, aortic pulse wave velocity and elastic vascular resistance were lower than in matched controls.
9.Garlic Powder Tablets Reduce Atherogenicity of Low Density Lipoprotein. A Placebo-Controlled Double-Blind Study. See external sourceExternal source
Benign prostatic hyperplasia
1 reference10.Consumption of aqueous garlic extract leads to significant improvement in patients with benign prostate hyperplasia and prostate cancer. See external sourceExternal source
SupplementDEX Database · Diabetes
5 references11.SupplementDEX Database: Diabetes — Aged garlic extract reduces left ventricular myocardial mass in patients with diabetes: A prospective randomized controlled double-blind study2020
In a 52-week double-blind RCT of 65 diabetic patients (mean age ~58), 2,400 mg/day aged garlic extract reduced left ventricular myocardial mass on cardiac CT versus placebo.
12.SupplementDEX Database: Diabetes — Garlic intake lowers fasting blood glucose: meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials2015
A meta-analysis of 7 RCTs (513 subjects) found garlic intake significantly lowered fasting blood glucose in people with and without diabetes.
13.SupplementDEX Database: Diabetes — Garlic (Allium sativum) supplementation with standard antidiabetic agent provides better diabetic control in type 2 diabetes patients2011
In a 24-week double-blind RCT of 60 type 2 diabetic patients on metformin, adding 300 mg garlic tablets three times daily improved fasting glucose and lipids versus placebo plus metformin.
14.SupplementDEX Database: Diabetes — Metabolic effects of time-released garlic powder tablets in type 2 diabetes mellitus: the results of double-blinded placebo-controlled study2008
In a 4-week double-blind RCT of 60 type 2 diabetic patients, time-released garlic powder (Allicor) improved metabolic control and plasma lipids versus placebo.
15.SupplementDEX Database: Diabetes — Garlic shows promise for improving some cardiovascular risk factors2001
A systematic review of 45 randomized garlic trials lasting at least 4 weeks found modest improvements in some cardiovascular risk factors, though effects varied by garlic preparation and outcome measured.
SupplementDEX Database · Dyslipidemia
1 reference16.SupplementDEX Database: Dyslipidemia — Garlic consumption can reduce the risk of dyslipidemia: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials2024
A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials through June 2024 found garlic supplementation significantly lowered total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, and triglycerides versus placebo in dyslipidemia.
SupplementDEX Database · Endometriosis
1 reference17.SupplementDEX Database: Endometriosis — The Effect of Garlic Tablets on the Endometriosis-Related Pains: A Randomized Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial2021
In 60 women with endometriosis, 400 mg/day garlic tablets for two menstrual cycles significantly reduced pelvic pain, dysmenorrhea, and dyspareunia on visual analogue scales versus placebo.
SupplementDEX Database · Hyperlipidemia
38 references18.SupplementDEX Database: Hyperlipidemia — Effects of Garlic on Glucose Parameters and Lipid Profile: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis on Randomized Controlled Trials2024
A meta-analysis of garlic RCTs found significant reductions in fasting glucose, HbA1c, total cholesterol, LDL, and triglycerides, with increased HDL versus placebo.
19.SupplementDEX Database: Hyperlipidemia — Systematic review and meta-analysis of the effect of garlic in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease2022
A meta-analysis of NAFLD trials (186 patients) found garlic supplementation significantly improved liver enzymes, lipid profile, and steatosis markers versus control.
20.SupplementDEX Database: Hyperlipidemia — Effects of an Optimized Aged Garlic Extract on Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors in Moderate Hypercholesterolemic Subjects: A Randomized, Crossover, Double-Blind, Sustained and Controlled Study2022
In a 6-week crossover RCT of 67 adults with moderate hypercholesterolemia, 250 mg/day aged black garlic extract (1.25 mg S-allyl-L-cysteine) improved cardiovascular risk factors versus placebo.
21.SupplementDEX Database: Hyperlipidemia — The effect of garlic (Allium sativum) supplementation on the lipid parameters and blood pressure levels in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: A randomized controlled trial2021
In 80 women with PCOS, 800 mg/day garlic for 8 weeks significantly improved lipid parameters and blood pressure versus placebo in a double-blind RCT.
22.SupplementDEX Database: Hyperlipidemia — Effects of garlic extract on lipid profile in patients with coronary artery disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised clinical trials2021
A meta-analysis in coronary artery disease patients found garlic extract significantly lowered total cholesterol, LDL, and triglycerides without changing HDL versus control.
23.SupplementDEX Database: Hyperlipidemia — Effect of garlic on serum lipids: an updated meta-analysis2013
A meta-analysis of 39 trials found garlic reduced total cholesterol by ~17 mg/dL and LDL by ~9 mg/dL in hypercholesterolemic patients versus placebo.
24.SupplementDEX Database: Hyperlipidemia — A meta-analysis of randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials for the effects of garlic on serum lipid profiles2012
A meta-analysis of 26 double-blind trials found garlic significantly reduced total cholesterol (WMD −0.28 mmol/L) and triglycerides versus placebo in hyperlipidemia.
25.SupplementDEX Database: Hyperlipidemia — The effects of time-released garlic powder tablets on multifunctional cardiovascular risk in patients with coronary artery disease2010
In 51 coronary heart disease patients, time-released garlic powder 300 mg/day for 12 months reduced 10-year cardiovascular risk by 1.5-fold in men and 1.3-fold in women.
26.SupplementDEX Database: Hyperlipidemia — The impact of garlic on lipid parameters: a systematic review and meta-analysis2009
A meta-analysis through November 2007 found garlic significantly reduced total cholesterol but not LDL, HDL, or triglycerides versus placebo in hyperlipidemia trials.
27.SupplementDEX Database: Hyperlipidemia — Garlic supplementation and serum cholesterol: a meta-analysis2009
A meta-analysis of garlic cholesterol trials (1,056 participants, 11–24 weeks) found a small significant reduction in total cholesterol of ~0.04 mmol/L versus placebo.
28.SupplementDEX Database: Hyperlipidemia — Lipid-lowering effects of time-released garlic powder tablets in double-blinded placebo-controlled randomized study2008
In 42 hypercholesterolemic men, time-released garlic powder 600 mg/day for 12 weeks significantly reduced total cholesterol and LDL versus placebo.
29.SupplementDEX Database: Hyperlipidemia — Effects of anethum graveolens and garlic on lipid profile in hyperlipidemic patients2007
In 150 hyperlipidemic patients, enteric-coated garlic 650 mg twice daily for 6 weeks significantly lowered total cholesterol and triglycerides versus placebo and dill extract.
30.SupplementDEX Database: Hyperlipidemia — Effect of raw garlic vs commercial garlic supplements on plasma lipid concentrations in adults with moderate hypercholesterolemia: a randomized clinical trial2007
In 192 adults with moderate hypercholesterolemia, raw garlic, powdered, or aged garlic supplements for 6 months did not significantly lower LDL cholesterol versus placebo.
31.SupplementDEX Database: Hyperlipidemia — Effects of garlic on dyslipidemia in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus2005
In 70 type 2 diabetic patients, 600 mg/day garlic for 4 weeks significantly reduced total cholesterol, LDL, and triglycerides versus placebo without affecting blood glucose.
32.SupplementDEX Database: Hyperlipidemia — Effect of combined supplementation of fish oil with garlic pearls on the serum lipid profile in hypercholesterolemic subjects2005
In hypercholesterolemic adults, combined fish oil 600 mg plus garlic pearls 500 mg daily for 60 days improved lipid profile more than fish oil alone, offsetting fish oil's LDL-raising effect.
33.SupplementDEX Database: Hyperlipidemia — Inhibiting progression of coronary calcification using Aged Garlic Extract in patients receiving statin therapy: a preliminary study2004
In a 1-year pilot RCT of 19 patients on statins, 4 mL/day aged garlic extract showed a trend toward slower coronary calcium progression on electron beam tomography versus placebo.
34.SupplementDEX Database: Hyperlipidemia — No effect of garlic extract supplement on serum lipid levels in hypercholesterolemic subjects2003
In a double-blind RCT of 136 hypercholesterolemic adults, enteric-coated Thai garlic extract for 12 weeks did not significantly change total cholesterol or LDL versus placebo.
35.SupplementDEX Database: Hyperlipidemia — Garlic for treating hypercholesterolemia. A meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials2000
A meta-analysis of double-blind garlic monopreparation trials found a small but significant reduction in total cholesterol of ~0.03 mmol/L versus placebo in hypercholesterolemic subjects.
36.SupplementDEX Database: Hyperlipidemia — Garlic powder, effect on plasma lipids, postprandial lipemia, low-density lipoprotein particle size, high-density lipoprotein subclass distribution and lipoprotein(a)2000
In 50 moderately hypercholesterolemic adults, garlic powder 900 mg/day for 12 weeks did not significantly alter plasma lipids, LDL particle size, or postprandial lipemia versus placebo.
37.SupplementDEX Database: Hyperlipidemia — Garlic powder and plasma lipids and lipoproteins: a multicenter, randomized, placebo-controlled trial1998
In a multicenter double-blind RCT, garlic powder 900 mg/day for 12 weeks did not significantly lower serum cholesterol or LDL versus placebo in hypercholesterolemic patients.
38.SupplementDEX Database: Hyperlipidemia — Effect of a garlic oil preparation on serum lipoproteins and cholesterol metabolism: a randomized controlled trial1998
In 25 moderately hypercholesterolemic patients, steam-distilled garlic oil 5 mg twice daily for 12 weeks did not significantly reduce total cholesterol or LDL versus placebo.
39.SupplementDEX Database: Hyperlipidemia — Effect of garlic and fish-oil supplementation on serum lipid and lipoprotein concentrations in hypercholesterolemic men1997
In 50 hypercholesterolemic men, 900 mg/day garlic alone for 12 weeks did not significantly change lipids; garlic plus fish oil lowered triglycerides but raised LDL versus placebo.
40.SupplementDEX Database: Hyperlipidemia — Modulation of lipid profile by fish oil and garlic combination1997
In 40 adults with lipid abnormalities, one month of fish oil plus garlic powder 1200 mg improved triglycerides and HDL subfractions more than placebo in a crossover trial.
41.SupplementDEX Database: Hyperlipidemia — A double-blind crossover study in moderately hypercholesterolemic men that compared the effect of aged garlic extract and placebo administration on blood lipids1996
In 41 moderately hypercholesterolemic men, 7.2 g/day aged garlic extract for 6 months did not significantly change total cholesterol, LDL, or triglycerides versus placebo.
42.SupplementDEX Database: Hyperlipidemia — Garlic powder in the treatment of moderate hyperlipidaemia: a controlled trial and meta-analysis1996
In 115 adults with elevated cholesterol, dried garlic powder 900 mg/day for 6 months produced a small but significant reduction in total cholesterol versus placebo.
43.SupplementDEX Database: Hyperlipidemia — On the effect of garlic on plasma lipids and lipoproteins in mild hypercholesterolaemia1995
In a crossover RCT of mildly hypercholesterolemic adults on supervised diets, Kwai garlic 900 mg/day for 12 weeks did not significantly lower total cholesterol or LDL versus placebo.
44.SupplementDEX Database: Hyperlipidemia — Garlic as a lipid lowering agent--a meta-analysis1994
A meta-analysis of garlic trials (952 participants) found garlic supplements produced a modest reduction in total cholesterol of ~0.03 mmol/L versus placebo after at least 4 weeks.
45.SupplementDEX Database: Hyperlipidemia — Can garlic reduce levels of serum lipids? A controlled clinical study1993
In 42 healthy adults with total cholesterol ≥220 mg/dL, standardized garlic powder 900 mg/day for 12 weeks reduced total cholesterol from 262 to 247 mg/dL versus minimal change on placebo.
46.SupplementDEX Database: Hyperlipidemia — Garlic supplementation and lipoprotein oxidation susceptibility1993
In 10 healthy volunteers, garlic powder 600 mg/day for 2 weeks did not lower lipids but reduced ex vivo LDL oxidation susceptibility versus placebo in a crossover trial.
47.SupplementDEX Database: Hyperlipidemia — Effect of garlic on total serum cholesterol. A meta-analysis1993
A meta-analysis of 5 eligible trials found garlic produced a significant reduction in total serum cholesterol versus placebo in patients with cholesterol above 200 mg/dL.
48.SupplementDEX Database: Hyperlipidemia — Comparison of the efficacy and tolerance of a garlic preparation vs. bezafibrate1992
In 98 hyperlipidemic patients over 12 weeks, garlic powder 900 mg/day produced comparable lipid-lowering to bezafibrate 600 mg/day, both significantly reducing total cholesterol versus baseline.
49.SupplementDEX Database: Hyperlipidemia — [Postprandial lipemia under treatment with Allium sativum. Controlled double-blind study of subjects with reduced HDL2-cholesterol]1992
In 24 volunteers with low HDL2 cholesterol, standardized garlic powder 900 mg/day reduced postprandial triglycerides after a fatty meal versus placebo in a double-blind trial.
50.SupplementDEX Database: Hyperlipidemia — Treatment of hyperlipidaemia with garlic-powder tablets. Evidence from the German Association of General Practitioners' multicentric placebo-controlled double-blind study1990
In a multicenter RCT of 261 hyperlipidemic patients, garlic powder 800 mg/day for 16 weeks significantly reduced total cholesterol and triglycerides versus placebo.
51.SupplementDEX Database: Hyperlipidemia — Hypertension and hyperlipidaemia: garlic helps in mild cases1990
In 47 patients with mild hypertension, garlic powder (Kwai) for 12 weeks significantly reduced systolic and diastolic BP and plasma lipids versus placebo.
52.SupplementDEX Database: Hyperlipidemia — Therapy with garlic: results of a placebo-controlled, double-blind study1990
In 40 hypercholesterolemic outpatients, garlic powder 900 mg/day for 4 months significantly lowered total cholesterol, triglycerides, and blood pressure versus placebo.
54.SupplementDEX Database: Hyperlipidemia — Lack of efficacy of dried garlic in patients with hyperlipoproteinemia1986
In two double-blind RCTs totaling 85 hyperlipemic patients, dried garlic at 594 or 1350 mg/day for 6 weeks did not significantly change total cholesterol, LDL, or triglycerides versus placebo.
55.SupplementDEX Database: Hyperlipidemia — Comparative effect of clofibrate, garlic and onion on alimentary hyperlipemia1981
In normals and ischemic heart disease patients, garlic had a clofibrate-like effect on coagulation time but both garlic and onion only partially checked postprandial fibrinolytic activity decline.
53.Effect of an odor-modified garlic preparation on blood lipids. See external sourceExternal source
SupplementDEX Database · High blood pressure
12 references56.SupplementDEX Database: High blood pressure — Effects of aged garlic extract on blood pressure in hypertensive patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials2024
A meta-analysis of 9 RCTs (584 hypertensive patients) found aged garlic extract 1200 mg/day significantly reduced systolic and diastolic blood pressure versus placebo.
57.SupplementDEX Database: High blood pressure — Raw garlic consumption is inversely associated with prehypertension in a large-scale adult population2020
In a cross-sectional study of 22,812 Chinese adults, higher habitual raw garlic intake was inversely associated with prehypertension after adjusting for confounders.
58.SupplementDEX Database: High blood pressure — Garlic Lowers Blood Pressure in Hypertensive Individuals, Regulates Serum Cholesterol, and Stimulates Immunity: An Updated Meta-analysis and Review2016
An updated meta-analysis of 20 garlic blood pressure trials (970 participants) found mean reductions of 5.1 mmHg systolic and 2.5 mmHg diastolic pressure versus placebo.
59.SupplementDEX Database: High blood pressure — A systematic review and metaanalysis on the effects of garlic preparations on blood pressure in individuals with hypertension2015
A meta-analysis of 9 double-blind trials (482 hypertensive adults) found garlic preparations modestly reduced systolic BP by ~8 mmHg and diastolic BP by ~5 mmHg versus placebo.
60.SupplementDEX Database: High blood pressure — Garlic for hypertension: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials2015
A systematic review of garlic for hypertension found inconsistent trial results and insufficient evidence to recommend garlic as standard antihypertensive therapy.
61.SupplementDEX Database: High blood pressure — Effects of Allium sativum (garlic) on systolic and diastolic blood pressure in patients with essential hypertension2013
In 210 patients with stage 1 essential hypertension, garlic tablets at 300–1500 mg/day for 24 weeks dose-dependently reduced systolic and diastolic blood pressure versus placebo.
62.SupplementDEX Database: High blood pressure — Aged garlic extract reduces blood pressure in hypertensives: a dose-response trial2013
In 79 patients with uncontrolled hypertension on medication, aged garlic extract 240–960 mg/day for 12 weeks reduced systolic BP in a dose-dependent manner versus placebo.
63.SupplementDEX Database: High blood pressure — Aged garlic extract lowers blood pressure in patients with treated but uncontrolled hypertension: a randomised controlled trial2010
In 50 treated but uncontrolled hypertensive patients, aged garlic extract 960 mg/day for 12 weeks significantly lowered systolic BP by 10 mmHg versus placebo.
64.SupplementDEX Database: High blood pressure — Effect of garlic on blood pressure: a systematic review and meta-analysis2008
A meta-analysis of 10 trials found garlic reduced systolic BP by 4.6 mmHg and diastolic BP by 3.3 mmHg versus placebo, with greater effects in hypertensive subjects.
65.SupplementDEX Database: High blood pressure — Effects of garlic on blood pressure in patients with and without systolic hypertension: a meta-analysis2008
A meta-analysis found garlic significantly lowered systolic BP in hypertensive patients but not in normotensive subjects, with no significant diastolic effect overall.
66.SupplementDEX Database: High blood pressure — Garlic supplementation prevents oxidative DNA damage in essential hypertension2005
In 20 essential hypertensive patients, 250 mg/day garlic for 2 months reduced oxidative DNA damage markers versus baseline, suggesting antioxidant protection.
67.SupplementDEX Database: High blood pressure — Can garlic lower blood pressure? A pilot study1993
In 9 patients with severe hypertension (diastolic ≥115 mmHg), a single 2400 mg allicin-rich garlic dose reduced sitting BP by 7/16 mmHg at peak effect 5 hours post-dose.
68.SupplementDEX Database: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease — Effect of garlic powder supplementation on blood pressure and hs-C-reactive protein among nonalcoholic fatty liver disease patients: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial2021
In 110 NAFLD patients, garlic powder 800 mg/day for 15 weeks significantly reduced systolic blood pressure and hs-CRP versus placebo in a double-blind RCT.
69.SupplementDEX Database: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease — Therapeutic Effects of Garlic on Hepatic Steatosis in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Patients: A Randomized Clinical Trial2020
In 110 NAFLD patients, 800 mg/day garlic for 15 weeks significantly improved hepatic steatosis on ultrasound and reduced liver enzymes versus placebo.
70.SupplementDEX Database: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease — Effect of garlic powder supplementation on hepatic steatosis, liver enzymes and lipid profile in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a double-blind randomised controlled clinical trial2020
In 90 NAFLD patients, garlic powder 1600 mg/day for 12 weeks significantly improved hepatic steatosis grade, liver enzymes, and lipid profile versus placebo.
71.SupplementDEX Database: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease — Association between dietary raw garlic intake and newly diagnosed nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: a population-based study2019
In 24,106 Chinese adults, higher habitual raw garlic intake was inversely associated with newly diagnosed NAFLD on ultrasound after multivariate adjustment.
SupplementDEX Database · Periodontitis
1 reference72.SupplementDEX Database: Periodontitis — Beneficial effect of aged garlic extract on periodontitis: a randomized controlled double-blind clinical study2020
In 201 participants with periodontitis, aged garlic extract 2400 mg/day for 18 months significantly reduced probing pocket depth and gingival recession versus control.
73.SupplementDEX Database: Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) — Garlic intake and gastric cancer risk: Results from two large prospective US cohort studies2018
In two large US cohorts (77,086 women; 46,398 men), higher garlic intake was not associated with lower gastric cancer risk; H. pylori status did not modify the association.
74.SupplementDEX Database: Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) — Activities of garlic oil, garlic powder, and their diallyl constituents against Helicobacter pylori2000
In vitro testing found garlic oil and allicin inhibited all H. pylori strains tested (MIC 8–32 µg/ml for oil), with greater potency than garlic powder preparations.
75.SupplementDEX Database: Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) — Garlic oil and Helicobacter pylori infection2000
This report on garlic oil and H. pylori infection provided no extractable clinical outcome data beyond the title.
76.SupplementDEX Database: Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) — Re: Peppers at treatment for Helicobacter pylori infection2000
This letter responding to a peppers-and-H. pylori treatment report provided no original clinical outcome data.
77.SupplementDEX Database: Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) — Garlic or jalapeño peppers for treatment of Helicobacter pylori infection1999
In 12 H. pylori-infected adults, meals containing 10 g raw garlic or jalapeño did not reduce urea breath test positivity versus control meals in a crossover study.
78.SupplementDEX Database: Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) — Is garlic an effective treatment for Helicobacter pylori infection?1999
This editorial review concluded available evidence did not support garlic as an effective treatment for H. pylori infection.
79.SupplementDEX Database: Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) — Helicobacter pylori infection, garlic intake and precancerous lesions in a Chinese population at low risk of gastric cancer1998
Among 214 adults in low-risk Cangshan County, China, higher garlic intake was associated with lower prevalence of intestinal metaplasia and dysplasia on gastroscopic screening.
80.SupplementDEX Database: Acute respiratory infection — [Effect of long-acting garlic tablets "allicor" on the incidence of acute respiratory viral infections in children]2003
In Russian children (ages 7–16), long-acting garlic tablets (600 mg/day) reduced acute respiratory infection rates 2–4 fold in an open study and 2-fold versus benzimidazole in a double-blind trial.
SupplementDEX Database · Alopecia areata
1 reference81.SupplementDEX Database: Alopecia areata — Combination of topical garlic gel and betamethasone valerate cream in the treatment of localized alopecia areata: a double-blind randomized controlled study2007
In a double-blind RCT of 40 alopecia areata patients, topical garlic gel plus betamethasone cream for 3 months improved hair regrowth similarly to betamethasone with placebo gel.
SupplementDEX Database · Athletic performance
2 references82.SupplementDEX Database: Athletic performance — Garlic supplementation attenuates cycling exercise-induced oxidative inflammation but fails to improve time trial performance in healthy adults2023
In a crossover RCT of 11 healthy male athletes, 1,000 mg/day garlic extract for 4 weeks reduced exercise-induced oxidative inflammation but did not improve 40-km cycling time trial performance.
83.Effects of Garlic on Aerobic Performance. See external sourceExternal source
SupplementDEX Database · Breast cancer risk
2 references84.SupplementDEX Database: Breast cancer risk — Onion and Garlic Intake and Breast Cancer, a Case-Control Study in Puerto Rico2020
In a Puerto Rican case-control study of 314 breast cancer cases and 346 controls (ages 30–79), higher onion and garlic intake—including sofrito—was associated with lower breast cancer odds.
85.SupplementDEX Database: Breast cancer risk — Allium vegetable consumption, garlic supplement intake, and female breast carcinoma incidence1995
In the Netherlands Cohort Study of 120,852 adults (ages 55–69), onion, leek, and garlic supplement intake showed no clear association with female breast cancer after 3.3 years of follow-up.
86.SupplementDEX Database: Cardiovascular disease — Dietary supplementation with aged garlic extract inhibits ADP-induced platelet aggregation in humans2000
In normolipidemic subjects given 5 mL/day aged garlic extract for 13 weeks, ADP-induced platelet aggregation was significantly inhibited versus baseline.
SupplementDEX Database · Cardiovascular health
2 references87.SupplementDEX Database: Cardiovascular health — Effects of Garlic Supplementation on Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Adults: A Comprehensive Updated Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials2025
An updated meta-analysis of RCTs in adults found garlic supplementation modestly reduced total cholesterol, LDL, blood pressure, and fasting glucose, with effects varying by preparation and dose.
88.SupplementDEX Database: Cardiovascular health — Kyolic aged garlic extract improves aerobic fitness in middle-aged recreational endurance athletes: A randomized double-blind placebo-controlled 3 month trial2025
In a 12-week double-blind RCT of 75 middle-aged endurance athletes (ages 40–65), Kyolic aged garlic extract improved aerobic fitness markers and reduced arterial stiffness versus placebo.
SupplementDEX Database · Colorectal cancer risk
10 references89.SupplementDEX Database: Colorectal cancer risk — Association and mechanism of garlic consumption with gastrointestinal cancer risk: A systematic review and meta-analysis2022
A meta-analysis found higher garlic intake associated with lower risk of gastric and colorectal cancers, though heterogeneity and study quality varied across included epidemiologic studies.
90.SupplementDEX Database: Colorectal cancer risk — Allium vegetables intake and the risk of gastric cancer in the Stomach cancer Pooling (StoP) Project2022
In the Stomach cancer Pooling Project (6,097 gastric cancer cases, 13,017 controls), higher allium vegetable intake was associated with 29% lower gastric cancer risk; garlic alone showed a 17% reduction.
91.SupplementDEX Database: Colorectal cancer risk — Garlic intake and the risk of colorectal cancer: A meta-analysis2020
A meta-analysis of epidemiologic studies found garlic intake associated with reduced colorectal cancer risk, though pooled estimates varied by study design and garlic preparation.
92.SupplementDEX Database: Colorectal cancer risk — Garlic consumption and colorectal cancer risk in man: a systematic review and meta-analysis2016
A meta-analysis of 14 studies found no significant association between garlic consumption and colorectal cancer risk (pooled OR 0.93; substantial heterogeneity).
93.SupplementDEX Database: Colorectal cancer risk — Effects of aged garlic extract (AGE) on colorectal adenomas: a double-blinded study2004
In a double-blind RCT of 51 patients with colorectal adenomas, high-dose aged garlic extract (2.4 mL/day) for 12 months showed a non-significant trend toward fewer new adenomas versus low-dose garlic.
94.SupplementDEX Database: Colorectal cancer risk — Garlic consumption and cancer prevention: meta-analyses of colorectal and stomach cancers2000
A meta-analysis found higher raw or cooked garlic consumption associated with reduced stomach and colorectal cancer risk, with dose-response patterns varying by cancer site and garlic form.
95.SupplementDEX Database: Colorectal cancer risk — Dietary fiber and colorectal cancer risk1997
In a Hawaii case-control study of 698 colon and 494 rectal cancer cases, dietary fiber showed a strong inverse dose-response with colorectal cancer risk in both sexes.
96.SupplementDEX Database: Colorectal cancer risk — A prospective cohort study on the relationship between onion and leek consumption, garlic supplement use and the risk of colorectal carcinoma in The Netherlands1996
In the Netherlands Cohort Study, onion and leek consumption and garlic supplement use showed no clear association with colon or rectal cancer after 3.3 years of follow-up.
97.SupplementDEX Database: Colorectal cancer risk — Relation of vegetable, fruit, and grain consumption to colorectal adenomatous polyps1996
In a case-control study of 488 matched pairs (ages 50–74), higher vegetable, fruit, and grain intake was associated with lower colorectal adenomatous polyp prevalence.
98.SupplementDEX Database: Colorectal cancer risk — Vegetables, fruit, and colon cancer in the Iowa Women's Health Study1994
In the Iowa Women's Health Study of 41,837 women (ages 55–69) followed 5 years, garlic consumption was inversely associated with colon cancer (RR 0.68 for highest vs lowest intake).
SupplementDEX Database · Common cold
3 references99.SupplementDEX Database: Common cold — Beneficial Effects of Daily Consumption of Garlic and Onion Extract Concentrate on Infectious Respiratory Diseases in Elderly Resident Volunteers2023
In a 36-week trial of 65 elderly care residents, daily garlic-and-onion extract concentrate reduced incidence of infectious respiratory diseases versus placebo.
100.SupplementDEX Database: Common cold — Supplementation with aged garlic extract improves both NK and γδ-T cell function and reduces the severity of cold and flu symptoms: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled nutrition intervention2012
In a 90-day double-blind RCT of 120 healthy adults, 2.56 g/day aged garlic extract improved NK and gamma-delta T cell proliferation and reduced cold and flu symptom burden versus placebo.
101.SupplementDEX Database: Common cold — Preventing the common cold with a garlic supplement: a double-blind, placebo-controlled survey2001
In a 12-week double-blind RCT of 146 volunteers, allicin-containing garlic supplement reduced colds (24 vs 65) and shortened illness duration (1.5 vs 5 days) versus placebo.
102.SupplementDEX Database: Diabetic retinopathy — Evaluation of the Effect of Garlic Tablet as a Complementary Treatment for Patients with Diabetic Retinopathy2002
In a double-blind RCT of 91 diabetic patients (117 eyes) with macular edema, 500 mg garlic twice daily for 4 weeks did not improve visual acuity, central macular thickness, or intraocular pressure versus placebo.
103.SupplementDEX Database: Erectile dysfunction — Prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled, two-arm study to evaluate the efficacy of coadministration of garlic as a hydrogen sulfide donor and tadalafil in patients with erectile dysfunction not responding to tadalafil alone - A pilot study2024
In 16 men with erectile dysfunction poorly responsive to tadalafil, garlic 5 g twice daily for 4 weeks added to tadalafil improved erectile function scores versus placebo plus tadalafil.
104.SupplementDEX Database: Exercise-induced muscle soreness — Effects of allicin supplementation on plasma markers of exercise-induced muscle damage, IL-6 and antioxidant capacity2008
In well-trained athletes, 14 days of allicin supplementation before and after downhill running did not significantly reduce exercise-induced muscle damage markers or IL-6 versus placebo.
105.SupplementDEX Database: Familial hypercholesterolemia — Garlic extract therapy in children with hypercholesterolemia1998
In 30 children aged 8–18 with familial hypercholesterolemia, 900 mg/day garlic extract for 8 weeks did not significantly lower total cholesterol or LDL versus placebo on a Step I diet.
SupplementDEX Database · Metabolic syndrome
3 references106.SupplementDEX Database: Metabolic syndrome — Effect of garlic on the components of metabolic syndrome: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials2024
A meta-analysis of garlic RCTs in metabolic syndrome patients found significant improvements in fasting glucose, waist circumference, and triglycerides versus placebo.
107.SupplementDEX Database: Metabolic syndrome — Effects of garlic supplementation on components of metabolic syndrome: a systematic review, meta-analysis, and meta-regression of randomized controlled trials2023
A meta-analysis of 999 participants found garlic supplementation significantly improved fasting glucose, HbA1c, total cholesterol, LDL, and triglycerides in metabolic syndrome versus control.
108.SupplementDEX Database: Metabolic syndrome — Aged garlic extract improves adiponectin levels in subjects with metabolic syndrome: a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized, crossover study2013
In a crossover RCT of subjects with metabolic syndrome, aged garlic extract 1.2 g/day for 24 weeks significantly increased plasma adiponectin versus placebo without serious adverse events.
SupplementDEX Database · Mosquito repellent
1 reference109.SupplementDEX Database: Mosquito repellent — A double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial of garlic as a mosquito repellant: a preliminary study2005
In a double-blind crossover trial, oral garlic ingestion did not reduce mosquito bites, feeding, or blood ingestion versus placebo when exposed to Aedes aegypti in the laboratory.
SupplementDEX Database · Multiple myeloma
1 reference110.SupplementDEX Database: Multiple myeloma — Risk factors for multiple myeloma: a hospital-based case-control study in Northwest China2012
In a case-control study of 220 multiple myeloma cases in Northwest China, dietary patterns including allium vegetables were assessed; garlic intake alone was not the primary reported finding.
SupplementDEX Database · Muscle strength
1 reference111.SupplementDEX Database: Muscle strength — Relationship between consumption of raw garlic and handgrip strength in a large-scale adult population2020
In a cross-sectional study of 28,958 Chinese adults, higher raw garlic consumption was associated with greater handgrip strength after adjusting for demographic and lifestyle factors.
SupplementDEX Database · Obesity
1 reference112.SupplementDEX Database: Obesity — Eight weeks of supplementation with a multi-ingredient weight loss product enhances body composition, reduces hip and waist girth, and increases energy levels in overweight men and women2013
In 45 overweight adults over 8 weeks, METABO multi-ingredient supplement (including caffeine and raspberry ketone) plus diet/exercise reduced body weight, fat mass, and waist/hip girth more than placebo, with no adverse safety signals.
SupplementDEX Database · Oral health
1 reference113.SupplementDEX Database: Oral health — Efficacy of aged garlic extract on periodontal pockets: An 18-month dose response study2025
In 300 adults with moderate-to-severe periodontal pockets, aged garlic extract for 18 months dose-dependently reduced pocket depth versus placebo in an examiner-blind RCT.
SupplementDEX Database · Oral candidiasis
1 reference114.SupplementDEX Database: Oral candidiasis — Efficacy of garlic paste in oral candidiasis2005
In 56 patients with oral candidiasis, topical garlic paste applied for 14 days was as effective as clotrimazole solution in suppressing clinical signs of infection.
SupplementDEX Database · Osteoarthritis
1 reference115.SupplementDEX Database: Osteoarthritis — The effect of a garlic supplement on the pro-inflammatory adipocytokines, resistin and tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and on pain severity, in overweight or obese women with knee osteoarthritis2018
In 80 overweight women with knee osteoarthritis, garlic 2000 mg/day for 12 weeks reduced pain severity and serum TNF-α and resistin versus placebo.
116.SupplementDEX Database: Peripheral arterial disease — Garlic for peripheral arterial occlusive disease2013
A Cochrane systematic review of 2 RCTs (78 patients) found insufficient evidence that garlic improves walking distance or other outcomes in peripheral arterial occlusive disease.
117.SupplementDEX Database: Peripheral arterial disease — Effects of garlic coated tablets in peripheral arterial occlusive disease1993
In patients with peripheral arterial occlusive disease stage II, garlic powder 800 mg/day for 12 weeks increased pain-free walking distance by 46 m versus 31 m on placebo (P < 0.05).
118.SupplementDEX Database: Premenstrual syndrome — Effect of Garlic (Allium sativum) Supplementation on Premenstrual Disorders: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial2021
In 65 women with premenstrual disorders, garlic supplementation for two menstrual cycles significantly reduced physical and psychological PMS symptom severity versus placebo.
SupplementDEX Database · Prostate cancer risk
5 references119.SupplementDEX Database: Prostate cancer risk — Allium vegetables and risk of prostate cancer: evidence from 132,192 subjects2013
A meta-analysis of 9 epidemiological studies (132,192 subjects) found highest versus lowest allium vegetable intake associated with significantly reduced prostate cancer risk.
120.SupplementDEX Database: Prostate cancer risk — Major dietary factors and prostate cancer risk: a prospective multicenter case-control study2011
In a multicenter case-control study in Iran (194 prostate cancer cases, 317 controls), dietary garlic intake was among factors evaluated; specific protective associations were reported for certain foods.
122.SupplementDEX Database: Prostate cancer risk — Allium vegetables and risk of prostate cancer: a population-based study2002
In a Shanghai case-control study (238 prostate cancer cases, 471 controls), men in the highest allium vegetable intake category had about half the prostate cancer risk of the lowest category.
123.SupplementDEX Database: Prostate cancer risk — A case-control study of diet and prostate cancer1997
In a case-control study of 328 prostate cancer cases and 328 controls, no association was found between dietary fat intake and prostate cancer risk; garlic was not a primary focus.
121.Consumption of aqueous garlic extract leads to significant improvement in patients with benign prostate hyperplasia and prostate cancer. See external sourceExternal source
SupplementDEX Database · Rheumatoid arthritis
2 references124.SupplementDEX Database: Rheumatoid arthritis — A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial, evaluating the garlic supplement effects on some serum biomarkers of oxidative stress, and quality of life in women with rheumatoid arthritis2020
In 70 women with rheumatoid arthritis, garlic 1000 mg/day for 8 weeks significantly reduced oxidative stress biomarkers and improved quality of life versus placebo.
125.SupplementDEX Database: Rheumatoid arthritis — The effects of garlic (Allium sativum) supplementation on inflammatory biomarkers, fatigue, and clinical symptoms in patients with active rheumatoid arthritis: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial2020
In 70 women with active rheumatoid arthritis, garlic 1000 mg/day for 8 weeks significantly reduced CRP, TNF-α, clinical symptoms, and fatigue versus placebo.
SupplementDEX Database · Sarcopenia
1 reference126.SupplementDEX Database: Sarcopenia — Alliaceae vegetable consumption and sarcopenia: findings from the TCLSIH cohort study2025
In 3,623 older adults, higher Alliaceae vegetable consumption was associated with lower sarcopenia prevalence in the TCLSIH cohort study after multivariate adjustment.
SupplementDEX Database · Scleroderma
1 reference127.SupplementDEX Database: Scleroderma — [Does garlic influence rheologic properties and blood flow in progressive systemic sclerosis?]2006
In systemic sclerosis patients, dried garlic powder 900 mg/day improved rheologic properties and blood flow parameters versus baseline in a controlled trial.
SupplementDEX Database · Skin cancer
1 reference128.SupplementDEX Database: Skin cancer — The garlic-derived organosulfur component ajoene decreases basal cell carcinoma tumor size by inducing apoptosis2003
Topical ajoene applied to basal cell carcinoma tumors in 21 patients reduced tumor size in 17 cases and decreased Bcl-2 expression, suggesting apoptosis induction.
SupplementDEX Database · Stomach cancer
9 references129.SupplementDEX Database: Stomach cancer — Allium vegetable intake associated with the risk of incident gastric cancer: a continuous follow-up study of a randomized intervention trial2023
In 3,229 participants from the Shandong Intervention Trial, higher allium vegetable intake was associated with lower incident gastric cancer over long-term follow-up.
130.SupplementDEX Database: Stomach cancer — Effects of Helicobacter pylori treatment and vitamin and garlic supplementation on gastric cancer incidence and mortality: follow-up of a randomized intervention trial2019
In the Shandong trial (2,258 H. pylori-positive participants), 7 years of garlic supplementation (800 mg/day) significantly reduced gastric cancer incidence and mortality versus placebo.
131.SupplementDEX Database: Stomach cancer — Meta-analysis: Does garlic intake reduce risk of gastric cancer?2015
A meta-analysis of 17 studies found high garlic intake associated with significantly reduced gastric cancer risk (pooled OR ~0.5) versus low intake.
132.SupplementDEX Database: Stomach cancer — Fifteen-year effects of Helicobacter pylori, garlic, and vitamin treatments on gastric cancer incidence and mortality2012
At 14.7-year follow-up of the Shandong trial, H. pylori treatment reduced gastric cancer incidence; garlic and vitamin supplementation did not significantly reduce gastric cancer versus placebo.
133.SupplementDEX Database: Stomach cancer — Consumption of large amounts of Allium vegetables reduces risk for gastric cancer in a meta-analysis2011
A meta-analysis of 21 studies (543,220 subjects) found high Allium vegetable intake associated with about 50% lower gastric cancer risk versus low intake.
134.SupplementDEX Database: Stomach cancer — Randomized double-blind factorial trial of three treatments to reduce the prevalence of precancerous gastric lesions2006
In 3,365 adults in Linqu County, China, 2-week H. pylori treatment reduced precancerous gastric lesions; 7 years of garlic or vitamin supplements did not significantly reduce lesion prevalence.
135.SupplementDEX Database: Stomach cancer — Comparative study of lifestyles of residents in high and low risk areas for gastric cancer in Jiangsu Province, China; with special reference to allium vegetables1999
In a comparative ecological study in Jiangsu Province, residents of a low gastric cancer risk area consumed raw allium vegetables more frequently than those in a high-risk area.
136.SupplementDEX Database: Stomach cancer — Protective effect of allium vegetables against both esophageal and stomach cancer: a simultaneous case-referent study of a high-epidemic area in Jiangsu Province, China1999
In a case-referent study in Yangzhong (81 esophageal and 153 stomach cancer cases), higher allium vegetable intake was associated with significantly reduced esophageal and stomach cancer risk.
137.SupplementDEX Database: Stomach cancer — Allium vegetables and reduced risk of stomach cancer1989
In a case-control study of 564 stomach cancer patients in China, those in the highest allium intake quartile had only 40% of the gastric cancer risk of the lowest quartile.
SupplementDEX Database · Tinea
3 references138.SupplementDEX Database: Tinea — Efficacy of ajoene in the treatment of tinea pedis: a double-blind and comparative study with terbinafine2000
In 47 soldiers with tinea pedis, 1 week of topical 0.6% or 1% ajoene produced mycologic cure rates comparable to 1% terbinafine in a double-blind trial.
139.SupplementDEX Database: Tinea — Ajoene in the topical short-term treatment of tinea cruris and tinea corporis in humans. Randomized comparative study with terbinafine1999
In 60 soldiers with tinea corporis or cruris, topical 0.6% ajoene gel for 1 week was as effective and safe as 1% terbinafine cream in a randomized trial.
140.SupplementDEX Database: Tinea — Efficacy of ajoene, an organosulphur derived from garlic, in the short-term therapy of tinea pedis1996
In 34 tinea pedis patients, 0.4% ajoene cream applied for 7 days achieved complete clinical and mycologic cure in 79%, with all remaining patients cured after 14 days total.
SupplementDEX Database · Unstable angina
1 reference141.SupplementDEX Database: Unstable angina — A clinical investigation on garlicin injectio for treatment of unstable angina pectoris and its actions on plasma endothelin and blood sugar levels2000
In 34 unstable angina patients, IV garlicin 60 mg/day for 10 days improved symptoms in 82% and ECG in 62%, and lowered endothelin and blood glucose versus nitroglycerin control.
SupplementDEX Database · Vaginal candidiasis
2 references142.SupplementDEX Database: Vaginal candidiasis — The effects of oral garlic on vaginal candida colony counts: a randomised placebo controlled double-blind trial2014
In 63 asymptomatic women colonized with vaginal Candida, oral garlic three tablets twice daily for 14 days did not reduce vaginal yeast colony counts versus placebo.
143.SupplementDEX Database: Vaginal candidiasis — Investigating the therapeutic effect of vaginal cream containing garlic and thyme compared to clotrimazole cream for the treatment of mycotic vaginitis2010
In women with mycotic vaginitis, vaginal cream containing garlic and thyme was comparably effective to clotrimazole cream for symptom relief in a single-blind randomized trial.
SupplementDEX Database · Warts
1 reference144.SupplementDEX Database: Warts — Healing effect of garlic extract on warts and corns2005
This report on garlic extract for warts and corns provided no extractable clinical outcome data beyond the title.
SupplementDEX Database · Wound healing
1 reference145.SupplementDEX Database: Wound healing — Effect of Topical Garlic on Wound Healing and Scarring: A Clinical Trial2020
In 17 patients with paired surgical wounds, 30% garlic ointment applied to one wound for 4 weeks did not significantly improve healing or scarring versus Vaseline on the contralateral wound.