Bacopa

Bacopa is studied for memory and cognitive performance. Effects are typically modest and build over weeks.

Overview

What is Bacopa?

Bacopa monnieri, or water hyssop, is an Ayurvedic herb used to enhance memory, cognitive function, and mood. It interacts with neurotransmitter systems like dopamine and serotonin, promotes neuron growth, and has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. Whilst it has been traditionally valued for reducing stress and anxiety, bacopa is also used for overall brain health and vitality. Despite widespread use, there is limited evidence from high-quality studies.

Dosage

A typical dose is 300 mg per day with a meal, although doses of 600 mg per day have also been used in some studies.

Effect graph

Effect heatmap

Possible clinical benefit at 4 stars or greater.


Cognitive performance	★★★★★	Low
Stress	★★★★★	Low
Irritable bowel syndrome	★★★★★	Low
Depression	★★★★★	Low
Parkinson's disease	★★★★★	Very Low / None
Alzheimer's disease	★★★★★	Very Low / None
Attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder	★★★★★	Very Low / None

Weakest

Strongest

12345

SupplementDEX Database

7 conditions for and rated at least stars. All purchase bands. No minimum star filter.

Alzheimer's diseaseView condition →

Alzheimer's disease

Do not purchase★★★★★

How we scored this

Effect SizeVery Low / NoneEvidenceLowTrustMedium

It is unclear whether taking bacopa supplements helps people with Alzheimer disease or mild memory problems.

Evidence Review

It is unclear whether taking bacopa supplements helps people with Alzheimer disease or mild memory problems.
One small study found that taking 300 mg of bacopa daily for a year did not improve memory or thinking skills compared to a standard Alzheimer medication or to the patients' initial condition.

Browse 1 study

RCTEfficacy of Bacopa monnieri (Brahmi) and Donepezil in Alzheimer's disease and mild cognitive impairment: A randomized double-blind parallel Phase 2b study2020n=48

A phase 2b RCT comparing 300 mg/day bacopa with donepezil for 12 months in AD/MCI patients found no significant difference in ADAS-Cog decline after slow recruitment and high dropout.

Effect: No Benefit
Duration: 12 months
Dose: 300 mg/day
Population: Patients with Alzheimer's disease
Participants: 48

Attention deficit-hyperactivity disorderView condition →

Attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder

Do not purchase★★★★★

How we scored this

Effect SizeVery Low / NoneEvidenceLowTrustLow

The benefits of Bacopa supplements for children with ADHD are not clear.

Evidence Review

The benefits of Bacopa supplements for children with ADHD are not clear.
One study in boys with symptoms like ADHD but no official diagnosis showed that taking Bacopa for 14 weeks didn’t improve ADHD symptoms but helped with thinking skills and sleep.
Another smaller study of children diagnosed with ADHD found that Bacopa taken for 6 months appeared to reduce hyperactivity, impulsiveness, and learning problems, but the study had no control group.
More research is needed to know for sure if Bacopa helps with ADHD.

Browse 2 studies

RCTEffects of Bacopa monnieri (CDRI 08®) in a population of males exhibiting inattention and hyperactivity aged 6 to 14 years: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial2022n=12

A 14-week study including 112 children aged 6-14 years found that bacopa did not improve behavioural outcomes but may improve executive functioning and cognitive flexibility compared to placebo. The dose used was 160 mg per day for children up to 35 kg body weight and 320 mg per day for children above 35 kg body weight.

Effect: No Benefit
Duration: 14 weeks
Dose: 160 mg/day
Population: Adults
Participants: 12
Ages: 6–14

Open-labelAn open-label study to elucidate the effects of standardized Bacopa monnieri extract in the management of symptoms of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder in children2014n=31

An open-label study of 31 children aged 6–12 with ADHD found 225 mg/day standardized bacopa for 6 months reduced restlessness in 93% and attention-deficit symptoms in 85%.

Effect: Benefit
Duration: 6 months
Dose: 225 mg/day
Population: Children/adolescents
Participants: 31
Ages: 6–12

Cognitive performanceView condition →

Cognitive performance

Reconsider purchase★★★★★

How we scored this

Effect SizeLowEvidenceVery HighTrustMedium

Studies on Bacopa’s effects on thinking and memory show mixed results.

Evidence Review

Studies on Bacopa’s effects on thinking and memory show mixed results.
Overall, taking 300 to 600 mg daily for at least 12 weeks does not clearly improve memory, learning, attention, or reaction time compared with placebo.
Some smaller studies suggest Bacopa might help speed up thinking, improve memory recall, and help with learning in healthy adults.
Bacopa taken with other ingredients like ginseng and coffee fruit extract showed small improvements in memory and attention shortly after taking it, but it’s unclear if Bacopa alone caused this.
Another study using a combination of Bacopa, ginkgo, and vitamins for 12 weeks didn’t find clear benefits, except possibly for attention in people already eating a healthy diet.

Browse 19 studies2 meta-analyses

RCTEvaluating the effects of Bacopa monnieri on cognitive performance and sleep quality of patients with mild cognitive impairment: A triple-blinded, randomized, placebo-controlled trial2024n=62

A triple-blind RCT of 62 mild cognitive impairment patients found 160 mg bacopa twice daily for 2 months improved attention and verbal fluency but not overall cognitive score or sleep quality.

Effect: Benefit
Duration: 2 months
Dose: 160 mg/day
Population: MCI patients
Participants: 62

RCTBacopa monnieri supplementation has no effect on serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels but beneficially modulates nuclear factor kappa B and cyclic AMP response element-binding protein levels in healthy elderly subjects2023n=35

An open-label study of 35 healthy older adults (ages 60–78) found 3 months of bacopa improved delayed recall and modulated CREB and NF-κB signaling without changing total MoCA or serum BDNF.

Effect: Benefit
Duration: 3 months
Population: Older adults
Participants: 35
Ages: 60–78

RCTInvestigating the effects of a multinutrient supplement on cognition, mood and biochemical markers in middle-aged adults with 'optimal' and 'sub-optimal' diets: A randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial2022n=35

A 12-week RCT of 141 middle-aged adults found a multinutrient formula with bacopa raised B vitamin status but did not improve memory overall, though attention improved in those with optimal baseline diets.

Effect: No Benefit
Duration: 12 weeks
Population: Adults
Participants: 35
Ages: 40–65

MetaThe effectiveness of Bacopa monnieri (Linn.) Wettst. as a nootropic, neuroprotective, or antidepressant supplement: analysis of the available clinical data2021

A systematic review meta-analysis found bacopa showed modest cognitive improvements in healthy adults and memory-loss patients, but no two studies showed significant gains on the same tests.

Dose: 200 mg/day
Population: Healthy adults

RCTThe Neurocognitive Effects of Bacopa monnieri and Cognitive Training on Markers of Brain Microstructure in Healthy Older Adults2021n=28

A 12-week RCT of 28 adults over 55 found bacopa plus cognitive training slowed reaction time on some tasks and increased neurite dispersion on MRI, conflicting with behavioral gains.

Effect: No Benefit
Duration: 12 weeks
Population: Healthy adults
Participants: 28
Ages: 55+

RCTAcute effects of combined Bacopa, American ginseng and whole coffee fruit on working memory and cerebral haemodynamic response of the prefrontal cortex: a double-blind, placebo-controlled study2019n=40

In 40 healthy adults, a single dose of Bacopa, American ginseng, and coffee fruit improved N-back accuracy and prefrontal cortex activation versus placebo at 45 minutes.

Effect: Benefit
Population: Healthy adults
Participants: 40
Ages: 18–60

RCTEfficacy of standardized extract of Bacopa monnieri (Bacognize®) on cognitive functions of medical students: a six-week, randomized placebo-controlled trial2016

A 6-week double-blind RCT of 60 medical students found 300 mg/day Bacognize bacopa significantly improved cognitive test performance versus placebo.

Effect: Benefit
Duration: 15 days
Dose: 300 mg/day
Population: Women
Ages: 19–22

MetaMeta-analysis of randomized controlled trials on cognitive effects of Bacopa monnieri extract2014n=437

A meta-analysis of 9 bacopa RCTs in 518 subjects found improved cognition on Trail B (−17.9 ms) and choice reaction time (−10.6 ms) after ≥12 weeks of supplementation.

Effect: Benefit
Duration: 12 weeks
Population: Dementia patients
Participants: 437

RCTAn acute, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover study of 320 mg and 640 mg doses of a special extract of Bacopa monnieri (CDRI 08) on sustained cognitive performance2013n=24

An acute crossover study of 24 healthy adults found 320 mg bacopa improved performance on early repetitions of a cognitive demand battery without affecting cardiovascular or stress ratings.

Effect: Benefit
Dose: 640 mg/day
Population: Healthy adults
Participants: 24

RCTBrahmi for the better? New findings challenging cognition and anti-anxiety effects of Brahmi (Bacopa monniera) in healthy adults2013

A 12-week RCT of 72 healthy adults (ages 35–60) found 450 mg/day bacopa did not improve learning, memory, or attention versus placebo, with only a trend toward lower state anxiety.

Effect: No Benefit
Dose: 450 mg/day
Population: Adults
Ages: 35–60

RCTEffects of 12-week Bacopa monnieri consumption on attention, cognitive processing, working memory, and functions of both cholinergic and monoaminergic systems in healthy elderly volunteers2012

A 12-week RCT of 60 healthy older adults found 300–600 mg/day bacopa improved working memory and reduced N100/P300 latencies, partly via suppressed plasma AChE activity.

Effect: Benefit
Duration: 12 weeks
Dose: 300–600 mg
Population: Older adults
Avg age: ~63

RCTDoes Bacopa monnieri improve memory performance in older persons? Results of a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind trial2010n=98

A 12-week RCT of 98 healthy adults over 55 found 300 mg/day BacoMind improved verbal learning and delayed recall on the AVLT, with gastrointestinal side effects.

Effect: Benefit
Duration: 12 weeks
Dose: 300 mg/day
Population: Healthy adults
Participants: 98
Ages: 55+

RCTEffects of a standardized Bacopa monnieri extract on cognitive performance, anxiety, and depression in the elderly: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial2008n=10

A 12-week RCT of 48 adults aged 65+ found 300 mg/day bacopa improved delayed verbal recall and Stroop performance and reduced anxiety and depression scores versus placebo.

Effect: Benefit
Duration: 12 weeks
Dose: 300 mg/day
Population: Older adults
Participants: 10

RCTExamining the nootropic effects of a special extract of Bacopa monniera on human cognitive functioning: 90 day double-blind placebo-controlled randomized trial2008n=107

A 90-day double-blind RCT of 107 healthy adults found 300 mg/day KeenMind bacopa improved spatial working memory accuracy and reduced false positives on a rapid visual processing task.

Effect: Benefit
Duration: 90 days
Dose: 300 mg/day
Population: Healthy adults
Participants: 107

RCTRandomized controlled trial of standardized Bacopa monniera extract in age-associated memory impairment2006

A 12-week RCT in age-associated memory impairment found 125 mg bacopa twice daily improved mental control, logical memory, and paired-associate learning versus placebo.

Effect: Benefit
Duration: 12 weeks
Dose: 125 mg 2×/day
Population: Healthy adults
Ages: 55+

RCTChronic effects of Brahmi (Bacopa monnieri) on human memory2002n=76

A 3-month RCT of 76 adults aged 40–65 found bacopa improved retention of new information without affecting learning rate, attention, or everyday memory function.

Effect: Benefit
Population: Adults
Participants: 76
Ages: 40–65

RCTThe acute effects of an extract of Bacopa monniera (Brahmi) on cognitive function in healthy normal subjects2001n=20

An acute RCT of 38 healthy adults found a single 300 mg bacopa dose produced no significant cognitive changes 2 hours after dosing, suggesting benefits require chronic use.

Effect: No Benefit
Dose: 300 mg
Population: Healthy adults
Participants: 20

RCTThe chronic effects of an extract of Bacopa monniera (Brahmi) on cognitive function in healthy human subjects2001

A 12-week RCT found 300 mg/day KeenMind bacopa improved visual information processing speed, learning rate, memory consolidation, and state anxiety versus placebo.

Effect: Benefit
Duration: 12 weeks
Dose: 300 mg

Efficacy of Bacopa monniera in revitalizing intellectual functions in children1987

An early 1987 clinical study reported bacopa improved memory, attention, and learning in children with cognitive deficits, but no abstract or quantitative outcome data are available.

Effect: Benefit
Population: Children/adolescents

No source link

DepressionView condition →

Depression

Reconsider purchase★★★★★

How we scored this

Effect SizeLowEvidenceLowTrustMedium

It is unclear whether taking bacopa helps with depression.

Evidence Review

It is unclear whether taking bacopa helps with depression.
Early research in adults who did not improve after taking citalopram (an antidepressant) found that adding bacopa extract 300 mg twice a day for 4 weeks helped improve depression symptoms more than taking citalopram alone.

Browse 1 study

RCTBacopa monnieri as augmentation therapy in the treatment of anhedonia, preclinical and clinical evaluation2020n=42

Preclinical and clinical work in 42 anhedonic depression patients found 300 mg bacopa twice daily plus citalopram improved depression, pleasure, and behavioral scores more than citalopram alone over 4 weeks.

Effect: Benefit
Duration: 4 weeks
Dose: 300 mg 2×/day
Population: Patients with depression
Participants: 42

Irritable bowel syndromeView condition →

Irritable bowel syndrome

Reconsider purchase★★★★★

How we scored this

Effect SizeLowEvidenceLowTrustMedium

Bacopa has mainly been studied along with other ingredients, so its effect by itself is unknown.

Evidence Review

Bacopa has mainly been studied along with other ingredients, so its effect by itself is unknown.
In people with diarrhea-type irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), a combination of Bacopa and bael helped relieve symptoms in about two-thirds of patients.
This was less effective than a prescription treatment but better than a placebo.
Neither treatment was able to prevent IBS symptoms from coming back.

Browse 1 study

RCTIrritable bowel syndrome: therapeutic evaluation of indigenous drugs1989n=169

An RCT of 169 IBS patients found a bacopa-containing Ayurvedic preparation helped 65% versus 33% on placebo over 6 weeks, but was less effective than standard antispasmodic therapy (78%).

Effect: Benefit
Duration: 6 weeks
Population: Patients with IBS
Participants: 169

Parkinson's diseaseView condition →

Parkinson's disease

Do not purchase★★★★★

How we scored this

Effect SizeVery Low / NoneEvidenceLowTrustMedium

It is uncertain whether taking Bacopa supplements helps people with Parkinson’s disease.

Evidence Review

It is uncertain whether taking Bacopa supplements helps people with Parkinson’s disease.
A small study of older adults taking the Parkinson’s drug levodopa testing two doses of a Bacopa extract daily for 3 months did not find improvements in movement, symptoms, mood, or social function compared to a placebo.
However, the study was small and not randomized, so more research is needed.

Browse 1 study

RCTBacopa monnieri in Patients with Parkinson's Disease: A Pilot Study2023n=20

A double-blind pilot RCT of 20 Parkinson's patients found 450 mg/day bacopa did not improve motor symptoms but showed time-dependent improvements in emotional function on quality-of-life measures.

Effect: No Benefit
Duration: 90 days
Dose: 450 mg/day
Population: Patients with Parkinson's disease
Participants: 20

StressView condition →

Stress

Reconsider purchase★★★★★

How we scored this

Effect SizeLowEvidenceLowTrustMedium

There is limited research on how Bacopa monnieri (BM), a traditional Ayurvedic herb, helps with anxiety, depression, relaxation, or stress, besides its known benefits for improving thinking skills.

Evidence Review

There is limited research on how Bacopa monnieri (BM), a traditional Ayurvedic herb, helps with anxiety, depression, relaxation, or stress, besides its known benefits for improving thinking skills.
A recent study with 17 healthy volunteers tested a specific BM extract to see how it affected brain function and mood after one and two hours.
The results showed that BM improved certain thinking tasks and helped reduce stress hormones in saliva, which may explain its calming effects.
Some mood improvements were also noted.
More research with larger groups and in less stressful settings is needed to confirm these benefits.

Browse 1 study

RCTAn acute, double-blind, placebo-controlled cross-over study of 320 mg and 640 mg doses of Bacopa monnieri (CDRI 08) on multitasking stress reactivity and mood2013

A double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover study investigating the acute effects of two doses (320 mg and 640 mg) of standardized Bacopa monnieri extract (CDRI 08) on stress, mood, and cognitive performance under multitasking conditions. The study found reduced heart rate and subjective stress reactivity, suggesting acute adaptogenic potential.

Effect: Benefit
Dose: 320 mg/day
Population: Healthy adults

Database Snapshot

Studies per condition

Bacopa evidence base by condition

Most bacopa research is concentrated in a handful of conditions.

Cognitive performance accounts for 19 of 26 studies (73%).
Attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder accounts for 2 of 26 studies (8%).
Alzheimer's disease accounts for 1 of 26 studies (4%).
Sparse coverage remains for Attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder, Alzheimer's disease, Depression.

Studies per year

Bacopa publications over time

Safety

Bacopa is likely safe when used orally at doses of up to 600 mg per day for 12 weeks.

Frequently Asked Questions

References

Sources26 references

SupplementDEX uses only high-quality sources to determine supplement effectiveness.

SupplementDEX Database · Alzheimer's disease

1 reference

1.SupplementDEX Database: Alzheimer's disease — Efficacy of Bacopa monnieri (Brahmi) and Donepezil in Alzheimer's disease and mild cognitive impairment: A randomized double-blind parallel Phase 2b study2020
A phase 2b RCT comparing 300 mg/day bacopa with donepezil for 12 months in AD/MCI patients found no significant difference in ADAS-Cog decline after slow recruitment and high dropout.
View on PubMed 336881252020

SupplementDEX Database · Attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder

2 references

2.SupplementDEX Database: Attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder — Effects of Bacopa monnieri (CDRI 08®) in a population of males exhibiting inattention and hyperactivity aged 6 to 14 years: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial2022
A 14-week study including 112 children aged 6-14 years found that bacopa did not improve behavioural outcomes but may improve executive functioning and cognitive flexibility compared to placebo. The dose used was 160 mg per day for children up to 35 kg body weight and 320 mg per day for children above 35 kg body weight.
View on PubMed 350412482022
3.SupplementDEX Database: Attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder — An open-label study to elucidate the effects of standardized Bacopa monnieri extract in the management of symptoms of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder in children2014
An open-label study of 31 children aged 6–12 with ADHD found 225 mg/day standardized bacopa for 6 months reduced restlessness in 93% and attention-deficit symptoms in 85%.
View on PubMed 246820002014

SupplementDEX Database · Depression

1 reference

4.SupplementDEX Database: Depression — Bacopa monnieri as augmentation therapy in the treatment of anhedonia, preclinical and clinical evaluation2020
Preclinical and clinical work in 42 anhedonic depression patients found 300 mg bacopa twice daily plus citalopram improved depression, pleasure, and behavioral scores more than citalopram alone over 4 weeks.
View on PubMed 322369992020

SupplementDEX Database · Cognitive performance

19 references

5.SupplementDEX Database: Cognitive performance — Evaluating the effects of Bacopa monnieri on cognitive performance and sleep quality of patients with mild cognitive impairment: A triple-blinded, randomized, placebo-controlled trial2024
A triple-blind RCT of 62 mild cognitive impairment patients found 160 mg bacopa twice daily for 2 months improved attention and verbal fluency but not overall cognitive score or sleep quality.
View on PubMed 385383902024
6.SupplementDEX Database: Cognitive performance — Bacopa monnieri supplementation has no effect on serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels but beneficially modulates nuclear factor kappa B and cyclic AMP response element-binding protein levels in healthy elderly subjects2023
An open-label study of 35 healthy older adults (ages 60–78) found 3 months of bacopa improved delayed recall and modulated CREB and NF-κB signaling without changing total MoCA or serum BDNF.
View on PubMed 370329992023
7.SupplementDEX Database: Cognitive performance — Investigating the effects of a multinutrient supplement on cognition, mood and biochemical markers in middle-aged adults with 'optimal' and 'sub-optimal' diets: A randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial2022
A 12-week RCT of 141 middle-aged adults found a multinutrient formula with bacopa raised B vitamin status but did not improve memory overall, though attention improved in those with optimal baseline diets.
View on PubMed 365011092022
8.SupplementDEX Database: Cognitive performance — The Neurocognitive Effects of Bacopa monnieri and Cognitive Training on Markers of Brain Microstructure in Healthy Older Adults2021
A 12-week RCT of 28 adults over 55 found bacopa plus cognitive training slowed reaction time on some tasks and increased neurite dispersion on MRI, conflicting with behavioral gains.
View on PubMed 336926832021
9.SupplementDEX Database: Cognitive performance — The effectiveness of Bacopa monnieri (Linn.) Wettst. as a nootropic, neuroprotective, or antidepressant supplement: analysis of the available clinical data2021
A systematic review meta-analysis found bacopa showed modest cognitive improvements in healthy adults and memory-loss patients, but no two studies showed significant gains on the same tests.
View on PubMed 334368172021
10.SupplementDEX Database: Cognitive performance — Acute effects of combined Bacopa, American ginseng and whole coffee fruit on working memory and cerebral haemodynamic response of the prefrontal cortex: a double-blind, placebo-controlled study2019
In 40 healthy adults, a single dose of Bacopa, American ginseng, and coffee fruit improved N-back accuracy and prefrontal cortex activation versus placebo at 45 minutes.
View on PubMed 317364282019
11.SupplementDEX Database: Cognitive performance — Efficacy of standardized extract of Bacopa monnieri (Bacognize®) on cognitive functions of medical students: a six-week, randomized placebo-controlled trial2016
A 6-week double-blind RCT of 60 medical students found 300 mg/day Bacognize bacopa significantly improved cognitive test performance versus placebo.
View on PubMed 278037282016
12.SupplementDEX Database: Cognitive performance — Meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials on cognitive effects of Bacopa monnieri extract2014
A meta-analysis of 9 bacopa RCTs in 518 subjects found improved cognition on Trail B (−17.9 ms) and choice reaction time (−10.6 ms) after ≥12 weeks of supplementation.
View on PubMed 242524932014
13.SupplementDEX Database: Cognitive performance — Brahmi for the better? New findings challenging cognition and anti-anxiety effects of Brahmi (Bacopa monniera) in healthy adults2013
A 12-week RCT of 72 healthy adults (ages 35–60) found 450 mg/day bacopa did not improve learning, memory, or attention versus placebo, with only a trend toward lower state anxiety.
View on PubMed 233545352013
14.SupplementDEX Database: Cognitive performance — An acute, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover study of 320 mg and 640 mg doses of a special extract of Bacopa monnieri (CDRI 08) on sustained cognitive performance2013
An acute crossover study of 24 healthy adults found 320 mg bacopa improved performance on early repetitions of a cognitive demand battery without affecting cardiovascular or stress ratings.
View on PubMed 232811322013
15.SupplementDEX Database: Cognitive performance — Effects of 12-week Bacopa monnieri consumption on attention, cognitive processing, working memory, and functions of both cholinergic and monoaminergic systems in healthy elderly volunteers2012
A 12-week RCT of 60 healthy older adults found 300–600 mg/day bacopa improved working memory and reduced N100/P300 latencies, partly via suppressed plasma AChE activity.
View on PubMed 233200312012
16.SupplementDEX Database: Cognitive performance — Does Bacopa monnieri improve memory performance in older persons? Results of a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind trial2010
A 12-week RCT of 98 healthy adults over 55 found 300 mg/day BacoMind improved verbal learning and delayed recall on the AVLT, with gastrointestinal side effects.
View on PubMed 205904802010
17.SupplementDEX Database: Cognitive performance — Effects of a standardized Bacopa monnieri extract on cognitive performance, anxiety, and depression in the elderly: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial2008
A 12-week RCT of 48 adults aged 65+ found 300 mg/day bacopa improved delayed verbal recall and Stroop performance and reduced anxiety and depression scores versus placebo.
View on PubMed 186111502008
18.SupplementDEX Database: Cognitive performance — Examining the nootropic effects of a special extract of Bacopa monniera on human cognitive functioning: 90 day double-blind placebo-controlled randomized trial2008
A 90-day double-blind RCT of 107 healthy adults found 300 mg/day KeenMind bacopa improved spatial working memory accuracy and reduced false positives on a rapid visual processing task.
View on PubMed 186838522008
19.SupplementDEX Database: Cognitive performance — Randomized controlled trial of standardized Bacopa monniera extract in age-associated memory impairment2006
A 12-week RCT in age-associated memory impairment found 125 mg bacopa twice daily improved mental control, logical memory, and paired-associate learning versus placebo.
View on PubMed 207033432006
20.SupplementDEX Database: Cognitive performance — Chronic effects of Brahmi (Bacopa monnieri) on human memory2002
A 3-month RCT of 76 adults aged 40–65 found bacopa improved retention of new information without affecting learning rate, attention, or everyday memory function.
View on PubMed 120936012002
21.SupplementDEX Database: Cognitive performance — The chronic effects of an extract of Bacopa monniera (Brahmi) on cognitive function in healthy human subjects2001
A 12-week RCT found 300 mg/day KeenMind bacopa improved visual information processing speed, learning rate, memory consolidation, and state anxiety versus placebo.
View on PubMed 114987272001
22.SupplementDEX Database: Cognitive performance — The acute effects of an extract of Bacopa monniera (Brahmi) on cognitive function in healthy normal subjects2001
An acute RCT of 38 healthy adults found a single 300 mg bacopa dose produced no significant cognitive changes 2 hours after dosing, suggesting benefits require chronic use.
View on PubMed 124045712001
23.Efficacy of Bacopa monniera in revitalizing intellectual functions in children. See external sourceExternal source
No source link

SupplementDEX Database · Irritable bowel syndrome

1 reference

24.SupplementDEX Database: Irritable bowel syndrome — Irritable bowel syndrome: therapeutic evaluation of indigenous drugs1989
An RCT of 169 IBS patients found a bacopa-containing Ayurvedic preparation helped 65% versus 33% on placebo over 6 weeks, but was less effective than standard antispasmodic therapy (78%).
View on PubMed 26976931989

SupplementDEX Database · Parkinson's disease

1 reference

25.SupplementDEX Database: Parkinson's disease — Bacopa monnieri in Patients with Parkinson's Disease: A Pilot Study2023
A double-blind pilot RCT of 20 Parkinson's patients found 450 mg/day bacopa did not improve motor symptoms but showed time-dependent improvements in emotional function on quality-of-life measures.
View on PubMed 368003462023

SupplementDEX Database · Stress

1 reference

26.SupplementDEX Database: Stress — An acute, double-blind, placebo-controlled cross-over study of 320 mg and 640 mg doses of Bacopa monnieri (CDRI 08) on multitasking stress reactivity and mood2013
A double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover study investigating the acute effects of two doses (320 mg and 640 mg) of standardized Bacopa monnieri extract (CDRI 08) on stress, mood, and cognitive performance under multitasking conditions. The study found reduced heart rate and subjective stress reactivity, suggesting acute adaptogenic potential.
View on PubMed 237885172013

Ayahuasca

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Branched Chain Amino Acids (BCAAs)

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Overview Dosage Effect graph Effect heatmap SupplementDEX Database Database Snapshot Safety Frequently Asked Questions References