Vitamin B6
Vitamin B6 is involved in neurotransmitter and amino-acid metabolism. Excess high-dose use can cause neuropathy.
Overview
What is vitamin B6?
Vitamin B6 is a water-soluble and essential vitamin required for healthy brain, nerve and immune function.
Vitamin B6 supplements reliably treat and prevent vitamin B6 deficiency but are unnecessary in healthy people if dietary sources including bananas, salmon, pistachios and chicken are regularly consumed.
Many people take vitamin B6 for other conditions including seizures, Alzheimer's disease, cataracts, or to improve bone density but there is no reliable evidence to support these other uses.
Dosage
The recommended dose of vitamin B6 is around 1.3 to 1.7 mg per day for a healthy adult.
The daily upper limit of vitamin B6 is 12 mg per day for adults and 2.2 to 10.7 mg per day for infants and children.
A typical dose used in studies is 100 to 300 mg per day, but higher doses of up to 600 mg per day have also been used in studies examining the effects of acute vitamin B6 supplementation on athletic performance.
Daily Recommended Dietary Allowances
Men: 1.3 mg (19-50), 1.7 mg (51+)
Women: 1.3 mg (19-50), 1.5 mg (51+)
Pregnant: 1.9 mg per day
Lactating: 2.0 mg per day
Children: 0.1 to 1.3 mg per day depending on age
Effect graph
Effect heatmap
SupplementDEX Database
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Database Snapshot
Most vitamin b6 research is concentrated in a handful of conditions.
- Hyperhomocysteinemia accounts for 29 of 105 studies (28%).
- Carpal tunnel syndrome accounts for 13 of 105 studies (12%).
- Kidney stones accounts for 12 of 105 studies (11%).
- Sparse coverage remains for Anemia (Sideroblastic anemia), Anxiety, Athletic performance.
Dietary Sources
Top dietary sources
Daily Value: 1.7 mg per day
Ranked by amount per 100 g
- 1.7 mg100 g100% DV
- 0.9 mg100 g53% DV
- 0.9 mg100 g53% DV
- 0.5 mg100 g29% DV
- 0.5 mg100 g29% DV
- 0.5 mg100 g29% DV
- 0.4 mg100 g24% DV
- 0.3 mg100 g18% DV
Safety
In 2023, the European Food Safety Authority set an upper limit of vitamin B6 of 12 mg per day for adults, and 2.2 to 10.7 mg per day for infants and children. Many popular supplements contain B6 (often without listing it on the label).
Dose windows
Short-term
Vitamin B6 is safe at doses of up to 100 mg per day. In studies, a dose of 250 mg per day has been safely used for 5 days.
Long-term
Vitamin B6 is likely safe at dosages of up to 100 mg per day for adults and 30-80 mg per day in children in most people. However, doses of 50 mg per day have been found to cause peripheral neuropathy when taken in the long term.
Special populations
Pregnancy & breastfeeding
Likely safeIn pregnant adult women, vitamin B6 is likely safe at a dose of up to 100 mg per day. In adolescent pregnancy, vitamin B6 is likely safe at a dose of up to 80 mg per day.
Children
Likely safeVitamin B6 is likely safe at dosages of up to 100 mg per day for adults and 30-80 mg per day in children in most people. In children, vitamin B6 is likely safe at a daily dose of 30 mg (1-3 yrs), 40 mg (4-8 yrs), 60 mg (9-13 yrs) and 80 mg (14-18 yrs).
Other notes
Old guidelines These old guidelines have been left as a reference only. Vitamin B6 is well tolerated when used at doses up to the daily recommended dietary allowances. In the long term, vitamin B6 is likely safe at a dose of up to 50 mg per day. Studies use a typical dose of 40 - 300 mg per day which is far higher than the recommended dietary allowance (RDA) of vitamin B6. The most common dose-dependent side effects include headache, loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting and heartburn. Serious side effects from long term high dose vitamin B6 include peripheral neuropathy. Doses exceeding 500 to 1000 mg per day pose the greatest risk but prolonged intake of lower doses may also result in this side effect. The Therapeutic Goods Association of Australia has found that peripheral neuropathy can occur at doses of less than 50 mg. In lactating adult women, vitamin B6 is likely safe at a dose of up to 100 mg per day. In adolescents who are lactating, vitamin B6 is likely safe at a dose of up to 80 mg per day. The likelihood of side effects increases at doses higher than 50 mg per day.
Frequently Asked Questions
Takeaway
Vitamin B6 is a nutrient found in salmon, tofu and animal meats.
Vitamin B6 is necessary for amino acid, carbohydrate and lipid metabolism.
People at greater risk of B6 deficiency include those with alcoholism, cirrhosis, hyperthyroidism, congestive heart failure and uremia.
Vitamin B6 supplements can reliably treat a B6 deficiency and help to reduce high homocysteine levels.
References
Sources103 references
SupplementDEX uses only high-quality sources to determine supplement effectiveness.
1.SupplementDEX Database: Pyridoxine-dependent epilepsy — Pyridoxine dependency: an update1997
A study found that pyridoxine dependency: an update..
2.SupplementDEX Database: Pyridoxine-dependent epilepsy — Vitamin B6 in clinical neurology1990
A study in women found that 150 mg/day because the major neurologic complication is a peripheral neuropathy and the causes of this condition are myriad, pyridoxine may cause neuropathy only in patients with a pre-existing susceptibility to this condition.
SupplementDEX Database · Hyperhomocysteinemia
29 references3.SupplementDEX Database: Hyperhomocysteinemia — Effect of Vitamin B6, B9, and B12 Supplementation on Homocysteine Level and Cardiovascular Outcomes in Stroke Patients: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials2021
A meta-analysis of 8513 participants found that risk ratio (RR) was calculated for determining the risk of stroke, major cardiovascular disorder, and vascular death by using a fixed-effect model.
4.SupplementDEX Database: Hyperhomocysteinemia — Homocysteine-lowering interventions for preventing cardiovascular events2017
A meta-analysis of 3929 participants found that compared with placebo, homocysteine-lowering interventions were associated with reduced stroke outcome (homocysteine-lowering = 4.3% versus comparator = 5.1%, RR 0.90, 95% CI 0.82 to 0.99, I 2 = 8%, 10 trials, N = 44,224; high-quality evidence).
5.SupplementDEX Database: Hyperhomocysteinemia — B vitamins in stroke prevention: time to reconsider2017
A meta-analysis found that the potential benefits of B vitamin therapy with folic acid and methylcobalamin or hydroxycobalamin, instead of cyanocobalamin, to lower homocysteine concentrations in people at high risk of stroke warrant further investigation.
6.SupplementDEX Database: Hyperhomocysteinemia — Efficacy of vitamin and antioxidant supplements in prevention of cardiovascular disease: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials2013
A meta-analysis of 294478 participants found that in a fixed effect meta-analysis of the 50 trials, supplementation with vitamins and antioxidants was not associated with reductions in the risk of major cardiovascular events (relative risk 1.00, 95% confidence interval 0.98 to 1.02; I(2)=42%).
7.SupplementDEX Database: Hyperhomocysteinemia — The effect of micronutrient supplements on female fertility: a systematic review2012
A systematic review of 13 studies found that emphasized results, for example, were an association between multivitamin substitution on pregnancy rate as well as higher vitamin B6 levels in fertile women compared to infertile women.
8.SupplementDEX Database: Hyperhomocysteinemia — Combined analyses and extended follow-up of two randomized controlled homocysteine-lowering B-vitamin trials2010
A meta-analysis of 6837 participants found that 40 mg for 1–2 months folic acid plus vitamin B12 treatment lowered homocysteine levels by 25% but did not influence MACE incidence (hazard ratio, 1.07; 95% CI, 0.95-1.21) during 39 months of follow-up, or cardiovascular mortality (hazard ratio, 1.12; 95% CI, 0.95-1.31) during 78 months of.
9.SupplementDEX Database: Hyperhomocysteinemia — Homocysteine lowering and cardiovascular events after acute myocardial infarction2006
A randomized trial of 3749 adults found that 0.8 mg folic acid + 0.4 mg vitamin B12 + 40 mg vitamin B6/day the mean total homocysteine level was lowered by 27 percent among patients given folic acid plus vitamin B12, but such treatment had no significant effect on the primary end point (risk ratio, 1.08; 95 percent confidence interval, 0.93 to 1.25; P=0.31).
10.SupplementDEX Database: Hyperhomocysteinemia — Dose-dependent effects of folic acid on blood concentrations of homocysteine: a meta-analysis of the randomized trials2005
A meta-analysis of 2596 participants found that after standardization for sex and to pretreatment plasma concentrations of 12 micromol homocysteine/L and 12 nmol folate/L, daily doses of 0.2, 0.4, 0.8, 2.0, and 5.0 mg folic acid were associated with reductions in homocysteine of 13% (95% CI: 10%, 16%), 20% (17%, 22%), 23%.
11.SupplementDEX Database: Hyperhomocysteinemia — Lowering homocysteine in patients with ischemic stroke to prevent recurrent stroke, myocardial infarction, and death: the Vitamin Intervention for Stroke Prevention (VISP) randomized controlled trial2004
A randomized trial of 1853 adults found that 2.5 mg folic acid + 25 mg vitamin B6 + 0.5 mg vitamin B12/day for 2 years a 3- micromol/L lower total homocysteine level was associated with a 10% lower risk of stroke (P =.05), a 26% lower risk of CHD events (P<.001), and a 16% lower risk of death (P =.001) in the low-dose group and a nonsignificantly lower risk in the high-dose gro
12.SupplementDEX Database: Hyperhomocysteinemia — The challenge of stroke prevention2004
A study found that the challenge of stroke prevention..
13.SupplementDEX Database: Hyperhomocysteinemia — Homocysteine lowering effect of different multivitamin preparations in patients with end-stage renal disease2001
A randomized trial in healthy adults found that 800 µg folic acid + 6 µg vitamin B12 + 10 mg vitamin B6, 3×/week preparation A reduced the tHcy concentration significantly by nearly 50%, whereas preparation B did not change the tHcy concentration in comparison with placebo.
14.SupplementDEX Database: Hyperhomocysteinemia — Low-dose vitamin B-6 effectively lowers fasting plasma homocysteine in healthy elderly persons who are folate and riboflavin replete2001
A randomized trial of 10 healthy adults found that 1.6 mg/day for 18 weeks low-dose vitamin B-6 effectively lowers fasting plasma tHcy in healthy subjects who are both folate and riboflavin replete.
15.SupplementDEX Database: Hyperhomocysteinemia — Diagnosis and treatment of hyperhomocysteinemia2001
A study found that vitamin therapy, particularly with folic acid, reduces plasma homocysteine significantly and improves other surrogate markers of cardiovascular risk such as endothelial function.
16.SupplementDEX Database: Hyperhomocysteinemia — Preoperative oral B vitamins prevent nitrous oxide-induced postoperative plasma homocysteine increases2001
A randomized trial found that 2.5 mg folate + 25 mg B6 + 500 µg B12/day for 5 days the Placebo group had a mean increase in tHcy concentration from baseline of 15% +/- 31% compared with the Vitamin group, which had an initial decrease of 9.1% +/- 11% (P = 0.035).
17.SupplementDEX Database: Hyperhomocysteinemia — The effect of different treatment regimens in reducing fasting and postmethionine-load homocysteine concentrations2000
A randomized trial found that 5 mg/day all regimens, except pyridoxine 200 mg, significantly reduced fasting tHcy without differences in the percentage reduction (32-38%).
18.SupplementDEX Database: Hyperhomocysteinemia — Hyperhomocysteinemia in hemodialysis patients: effects of 12-month supplementation with hydrosoluble vitamins2000
A randomized trial of 168 found that after six months, the mean reduction in tHcy was slightly but significantly greater for patients receiving intravenous folic acid (12.2 +/- 18.5 micromol/L) compared with patients not receiving it (8.3 +/- 9.8 micromol/L, P < 0.05).
19.SupplementDEX Database: Hyperhomocysteinemia — Treatment of mild hyperhomocysteinemia in renal transplant recipients versus hemodialysis patients2000
A study of 39 hemodialysis patients found that 2.4 mg/day the mean percent (%) reductions (+/-95% confidence interval) in tHcy were: RTR=28.1% (16.2-40.0%); HD=12.1% (6.6-17.7%), P=0.027 for comparison of between-groups differences by analysis of covariance adjusted for baseline tHcy levels.
20.SupplementDEX Database: Hyperhomocysteinemia — Vitamin supplements and cardiovascular risk: review of the randomized trials of homocysteine-lowering vitamin supplements2000
An observational study found that after standardization for a pretreatment homocysteine concentration of 12 micromol/L and folate concentration of 12 nmol/L (approximate average concentrations for western populations), dietary folic acid reduced homocysteine levels by 25% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 23 to.
21.SupplementDEX Database: Hyperhomocysteinemia — Therapeutic potential of total homocysteine-lowering drugs on cardiovascular disease2000
A study in patients with impaired renal function found that total homocysteine plasma levels can be lowered or normalised by folic acid and/or vitamin B(6) and vitamin B(12) supplementation.
22.SupplementDEX Database: Hyperhomocysteinemia — Low serum folate concentrations are associated with an excess incidence of acute coronary events: the Kuopio Ischaemic Heart Disease Risk Factor Study2000
An observational study of 734 men found that in a Cox model adjusting for age, examination years, and plasma lycopene concentration, in men with higher serum folate concentrations the relative risk for an acute coronary event was 0.31 (95% CI 0.11-0.90, P=0.031) when compared with men with lower serum folates.
23.SupplementDEX Database: Hyperhomocysteinemia — The controversy over homocysteine and cardiovascular risk2000
A randomized trial in children/adolescents found that thus, only placebo-controlled intervention studies with tHcy-lowering B vitamins and clinical endpoints can provide additional valid arguments for the debate over whether tHcy is a causal CVD risk factor.
24.SupplementDEX Database: Hyperhomocysteinemia — Relationship between plasma homocysteine and vitamin status in the Framingham study population. Impact of folic acid fortification2000
An observational study found that prevalence of stenosis > or = 25% was 43% in men and 34% in women, with an odds ratio of 2.0 for individuals in the highest homocysteine quartile (> or = 14.4 mumol/L) compared with those in the lowest quartile ( 13 mumol/L) decreased from 18.7 to 9.8% (P < 0.001) between.
25.SupplementDEX Database: Hyperhomocysteinemia — Preventive health care, 2000 update: screening and management of hyperhomocysteinemia for the prevention of coronary artery disease events. The Canadian Task Force on Preventive Health Care2000
A meta-analysis found that if population-based studies are correct, tHcy may be responsible for up to 10% of CAD events and thus may represent an important and potentially modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular disease.
26.SupplementDEX Database: Hyperhomocysteinemia — Potential clinical and economic effects of homocyst(e)ine lowering2000
A study found that sensitivity analysis showed that cost-effectiveness ratios for the screen and treat strategy remained less than $50,000 per life-year saved under several unfavorable scenarios, such as when effective homocyst(e)ine lowering was assumed to reduce the relative risk of coronary.
27.SupplementDEX Database: Hyperhomocysteinemia — Whole blood folate, homocysteine in serum, and risk of first acute myocardial infarction1999
An observational study of 107 found that an increase of 50 nmol/l whole blood folate was associated with an OR for MI of 0.75, and an increase of 5 micromol/l tHcy with an OR for MI of 1.57.
28.SupplementDEX Database: Hyperhomocysteinemia — Combination of low-dose folic acid and pyridoxine for treatment of hyperhomocysteinaemia in patients with premature arterial disease and their relatives1999
A study of 33 patients with premature arterial disease and their relatives found that 100 mg low-dose vitamin therapy significantly reduced fasting tHcy concentration (median 13.9 to 9.3 micromol/l, reduction 32% (95% CI: 27-37%)) and post-load tHcy concentration (median 55.2 to 36.5 micromol/l, reduction 30% (95% CI: 25-35%)).
29.SupplementDEX Database: Hyperhomocysteinemia — Lowering blood homocysteine with folic acid based supplements: meta-analysis of randomised trials. Homocysteine Lowering Trialists' Collaboration1998
A meta-analysis of 1114 participants found that 16.5 mg/day typically in Western populations, daily supplementation with both 0.5-5 mg folic acid and about 0.5 mg vitamin B-12 would be expected to reduce blood homocysteine concentrations by about a quarter to a third (for example, from about 12 mumol/l to 8-9 mumol/l).
30.SupplementDEX Database: Hyperhomocysteinemia — Treatment of hyperhomocysteinemia in renal transplant recipients. A randomized, placebo-controlled trial1997
A randomized trial of 8 found that 50 mg/day these results occurred after adjustment for age; sex; and pretreatment levels of total homocysteine, B vitamins, and creatinine.
31.SupplementDEX Database: Hyperhomocysteinemia — A quantitative assessment of plasma homocysteine as a risk factor for vascular disease. Probable benefits of increasing folic acid intakes1995
A meta-analysis of 27 studies found that the odds ratio (OR) for CAD of a 5-mumol/L tHcy increment is 1.6 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.4 to 1.7) for men and 1.8 (95% CI, 1.3 to 1.9) for women.
32.SupplementDEX Database: Anemia (Sideroblastic anemia) — The role of vitamins in the prevention and control of anaemia2000
A systematic review found that vitamin B6 effectively treats sideroblastic anaemia.
33.SupplementDEX Database: Anemia (Sideroblastic anemia) — Primary acquired sideroblastic anaemia: response to treatment with pyridoxal-5-phosphate1973
A study in patients with primary acquired sideroblastic anemia found that when she was given pyridoxal-5-phosphate there was a prompt reticulocyte response and sustained symptomatic improvement with satisfactory control of the anaemia.
SupplementDEX Database · Hyperprolactinemia
1 reference34.SupplementDEX Database: Hyperprolactinemia — Safety and Efficacy of High-Dose Vitamin B6 as an Adjunctive Treatment for Antipsychotic-Induced Hyperprolactinemia in Male Patients With Treatment-Resistant Schizophrenia2021
A randomized trial of 100 patients with schizophrenia found that 10 mg/day for 16 weeks compared with the ARI group, TRS patients given vB6 showed better attenuation of AIHP, lower ASE scores, and greater improvements in clinical symptoms and cognitive impairments.
SupplementDEX Database · Kidney stones
12 references35.SupplementDEX Database: Kidney stones — Prospective Randomized Evaluation of Idiopathic Hyperoxaluria Treatments2021
A randomized trial of 164 patients with a documented history of caox stones and newly found that 400 mg conclusion: Low oxalate diet is more effective than B6/magnesium supplementation at lowering urinary oxalate in idiopathic hyperoxaluric stone formers.
36.SupplementDEX Database: Kidney stones — Vitamin B6 in primary hyperoxaluria I: first prospective trial after 40 years of practice2014
A study of 12 found that 5 mg/kg this first prospective trial confirmed B6 efficacy in 50% of patients (three of three homozygous, one of five heterozygous, and two of four patients negative for the Gly170Arg and/or Phe152Ile mutations).
37.SupplementDEX Database: Kidney stones — Intake of vitamins B6 and C and the risk of kidney stones in women1999
An observational study of 85557 women found that 40 mg/day after adjusting for other dietary factors, the relative risk of incident stone formation for women in the highest category of B6 intake (> or =40 mg/d) compared with the lowest category ( or =1500 mg/d) compared with the lowest category (<250 mg/d) was 1.06 (95% confidence.
38.SupplementDEX Database: Kidney stones — A prospective study of the intake of vitamins C and B6, and the risk of kidney stones in men1996
An observational study of 45251 (ages 40–75) found that after adjusting for other potential stone risk factors the relative risks did not change significantly.
39.SupplementDEX Database: Kidney stones — Effect of combined supplementation of magnesium oxide and pyridoxine in calcium-oxalate stone formers1994
A study found that 300 mg/day serum Mg significantly (P < 0.01) increased after 30 days of treatment and remained constant thereafter while other blood parameters were unaltered.
40.SupplementDEX Database: Kidney stones — Control of hyperoxaluria with large doses of pyridoxine in patients with kidney stones1988
A study of 12 patients with kidney stones found that 500 mg/day for 18 months this therapy decreased urinary oxalate excretion significantly (p less than 0.025) during up to 18 months of treatment.
41.SupplementDEX Database: Kidney stones — Primary hyperoxaluria: effect of treatment with vitamin B6 and shock waves1987
A study found that primary hyperoxaluria: effect of treatment with vitamin B6 and shock waves..
42.SupplementDEX Database: Kidney stones — Mild metabolic hyperoxaluria and its response to pyridoxine1986
A study found that it is important to measure urinary oxalate (and glycollate) in all cases of calcium oxalate urolithiasis.
43.SupplementDEX Database: Kidney stones — Response to a physiologic dose of pyridoxine in type I primary hyperoxaluria1985
A study in patients with primary hyperoxaluria found that 200 mg/day the degree of hyperoxaluria in this disorder may be only slight or moderate if the patient has been ingesting a pyridoxine-rich diet or multivitamin tablets containing small amounts of pyridoxine.
44.SupplementDEX Database: Kidney stones — Pyridoxine therapy of adult primary oxalosis1979
A study in adults found that pyridoxine therapy of adult primary oxalosis..
45.SupplementDEX Database: Kidney stones — The evaluation of some biochemical parameters in pyridoxine-treated calcium oxalate renal stone formers1977
A study found that 20 mg 3×/day it is suggested that long-term studies are necessary to search the factors influencing successful stone prevention or stone recurrency in pyridoxine-treatment patients.
46.SupplementDEX Database: Kidney stones — Effect of daily MgO and vitamin B6 administration to patients with recurring calcium oxalate kidney stones1967
A study in patients with recurring calcium oxalate kidney stones found that effect of daily MgO and vitamin B6 administration to patients with recurring calcium oxalate kidney stones..
47.SupplementDEX Database: Pregnancy-induced nausea and vomiting (NVP) — The effects of pyridoxine (vitamin B6) supplementation in nausea and vomiting during pregnancy: a systematic review and meta-analysis2023
A meta-analysis of 18 studies found that supplementation of pyridoxine alone as well as combined treatment of pyridoxine with an active ingredient as the intervention significantly improved the symptoms of nausea according to Rhode's score [0.78 [95% CI: 0.26, 1.31; p = 0.003; I2 = 57%, p = 0.10)] and PUQE score.
48.SupplementDEX Database: Pregnancy-induced nausea and vomiting (NVP) — Acupuncture and Doxylamine-Pyridoxine for Nausea and Vomiting in Pregnancy : A Randomized, Controlled, 2 × 2 Factorial Trial2023
A randomized trial of 352 women found that compared with placebo, a higher risk for births with children who were small for gestational age was observed with doxylamine-pyridoxine (odds ratio, 3.8 [CI, 1.0 to 14.1]).
49.SupplementDEX Database: Pregnancy-induced nausea and vomiting (NVP) — ACOG Practice Bulletin No. 189: Nausea And Vomiting Of Pregnancy2018
A study in women found that safe and effective treatments are available for more severe cases, and mild cases of nausea and vomiting of pregnancy may be resolved with lifestyle and dietary changes.
50.SupplementDEX Database: Pregnancy-induced nausea and vomiting (NVP) — A comparison between the effects of ginger, pyridoxine (vitamin B6) and placebo for the treatment of the first trimester nausea and vomiting of pregnancy (NVP)2018
A randomized trial of 77 women found that 500 mg 2×/day ginger and vitamin B6 could reduce the severity of all items of Rhodes questionnaire significantly; however, placebo was significantly effective only on the frequency of nausea, intensity of vomiting and frequency of retching.
51.SupplementDEX Database: Pregnancy-induced nausea and vomiting (NVP) — Doxylamine-pyridoxine for nausea and vomiting of pregnancy randomized placebo controlled trial: Prespecified analyses and reanalysis2018
A randomized trial of 140 women found that 10 mg doxylamine + 10 mg pyridoxine, 2–4×/day for 14 days the active treatment was a tablet containing both doxylamine 10 mg and pyridoxine 10 mg taken between 2 and 4 times per day for 14 days depending on symptoms.
52.SupplementDEX Database: Pregnancy-induced nausea and vomiting (NVP) — Interventions for treating hyperemesis gravidarum: a Cochrane systematic review and meta-analysis2017
A meta-analysis of 146 studies found that there was insufficient evidence to identify clear differences between acupuncture and metoclopramide in a study with 81 participants regarding reduction/cessation in nausea or vomiting (risk ratio (RR) 1.40, 95% CI 0.79-2.49 and RR 1.51, 95% CI 0.92-2.48, respectively).
53.SupplementDEX Database: Pregnancy-induced nausea and vomiting (NVP) — Ondansetron compared with doxylamine and pyridoxine for treatment of nausea in pregnancy: a randomized controlled trial2014
A randomized trial of 36 women found that 25 mg pyridoxine + 12.5 mg doxylamine/day for 5 days there was no significant difference between the groups regarding sedation or constipation.
54.SupplementDEX Database: Pregnancy-induced nausea and vomiting (NVP) — Comparison of the effectiveness of ginger and vitamin B6 for treatment of nausea and vomiting in early pregnancy: a randomized double-blind controlled trial2007
In 126 pregnant women with nausea, ginger 650 mg three times daily for 4 days was as effective as vitamin B6 25 mg three times daily for symptom relief.
55.SupplementDEX Database: Pregnancy-induced nausea and vomiting (NVP) — Pyridoxine for nausea and vomiting of pregnancy: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial1995
A randomized trial of 342 women found that 30 mg/day for 11 months our purpose was to determine the effectiveness of pyridoxine for nausea and vomiting of pregnancy.
56.SupplementDEX Database: Pregnancy-induced nausea and vomiting (NVP) — Vitamin B6 is effective therapy for nausea and vomiting of pregnancy: a randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled study1991
A randomized trial of 59 women found that fifteen of 31 vitamin B6-treated patients had vomiting before therapy, compared with ten of 28 in the placebo group (not significant).
57.SupplementDEX Database: Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) — Effects of magnesium and vitamin b6 on the severity of premenstrual syndrome symptoms2012
A 4-month study including 126 Iranian women (15-45 yrs) assigned either vitamin B6, placebo or 250 mg/day magnesium oxide for two cycles found that vitamin B6 led to the largest reduction in depression scores. Vitamin B6 and magnesium were superior to placebo for symptoms of premenstrual syndrome including depression, water retention, somatic changes and anxiety. Somatic changes included feeling cold, nausea, frequent urination, hot flashes, back pain, headaches, acne, oily skin, joint pain, and muscle pain. Magnesium was slightly more effective than vitamin B6 for craving, water retention and anxiety.
58.SupplementDEX Database: Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) — Herbs, vitamins and minerals in the treatment of premenstrual syndrome: a systematic review2009
A systematic review found RCT evidence supports calcium for PMS among many claimed supplements, though products and doses varied across trials.
59.SupplementDEX Database: Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) — A synergistic effect of a daily supplement for 1 month of 200 mg magnesium plus 50 mg vitamin B6 for the relief of anxiety-related premenstrual symptoms: a randomized, double-blind, crossover study2000
A crossover trial of 44 women found that 200 mg/day for 1 month a small synergistic effect of a daily dietary supplementation with a combination of Mg + vitamin B6 in the reduction of mild premenstrual anxiety-related symptoms was demonstrated during treatment of 44 women for one menstrual cycle.
60.SupplementDEX Database: Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) — Poor-quality studies suggest that vitamin B6 use is beneficial in premenstrual syndrome2000
A meta-analysis found that poor-quality studies suggest that vitamin B6 use is beneficial in premenstrual syndrome..
61.SupplementDEX Database: Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) — Efficacy of vitamin B-6 in the treatment of premenstrual syndrome: systematic review1999
A systematic review of 940 participants found that 100 mg/day odds ratio relative to placebo for an improvement in overall premenstrual symptoms was 2.32 (95% confidence interval 1.95 to 2.54).
62.SupplementDEX Database: Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) — Treatment of premenstrual tension syndrome with Vitex agnus castus controlled, double-blind study versus pyridoxine1997
A randomized trial of 90 women found that adverse events (gastrointestinal and lower abdominal complaints, skin manifestations and transitory headache) occurred in 5 patients under B6 and in 12 patients under VAC.
63.SupplementDEX Database: Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) — Pyridoxine (vitamin B6) and the premenstrual syndrome: a randomized crossover trial1989
A crossover trial of 32 women found that 50 mg/day for 7 months on the other hand, when women took the placebo after taking pyridoxine for a month, the combined level of all symptom scores only increased 37% on average (nonsignificant).
64.SupplementDEX Database: Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) — No effect of vitamin B-6 against premenstrual tension. A controlled clinical study1985
A randomized trial of 34 women found that 100 mg vitamin B6/day blood magnesium was measured; no significant difference was found between the 34 women with premenstrual tension and 10 healthy women without such complaints.
65.SupplementDEX Database: Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) — Controlled trial of pyridoxine in the premenstrual syndrome1985
A randomized trial of 617 found that in the 434 patients analyzed, an improvement was found in 7 of the 9 symptoms assessed for both treatments, but the differences between treatments did not reach conventional significance levels.
66.SupplementDEX Database: Age-related cognitive decline — Effect of homocysteine lowering treatment on cognitive function: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials2012
A meta-analysis found that b-vitamin supplementation did not show an improvement in cognitive function for individuals with (SMD = 0.10, 95%CI -0.08 to 0.28) or without (SMD = -0.03, 95%CI -0.1 to 0.04) significant cognitive impairment.
67.SupplementDEX Database: Age-related cognitive decline — Vitamin B6, B12, and folic acid supplementation and cognitive function: a systematic review of randomized trials2007
A systematic review of 3 studies found that six trials of combinations of the B vitamins all concluded that the interventions had no effect on cognitive function.
68.SupplementDEX Database: Age-related cognitive decline — A controlled trial of homocysteine lowering and cognitive performance2006
A randomized trial of 276 healthy adults found that 10 mg on average, during the course of the study, the plasma homocysteine concentration was 4.36 micromol per liter (95 percent confidence interval, 3.81 to 4.91 micromol per liter) lower in the vitamin group than in the placebo group (P<0.001).
SupplementDEX Database · Alzheimer's disease
3 references69.SupplementDEX Database: Alzheimer's disease — High-dose B vitamin supplementation and cognitive decline in Alzheimer disease: a randomized controlled trial2008
A randomized trial of 340 dementia patients found that 5 mg/day for 18 months prior studies of B vitamins to reduce homocysteine in AD have not had sufficient size or duration to assess their effect on cognitive decline.
70.SupplementDEX Database: Alzheimer's disease — Relation of higher folate intake to lower risk of Alzheimer disease in the elderly2007
An observational study of 192 older adults found that the highest quartile of total folate intake was related to a lower risk of AD (hazard ratio, 0.5; 95% confidence interval, 0.3-0.9; P=.02 for trend) after adjustment for age, sex, education, ethnic group, the epsilon4 allele of apolipoprotein E, diabetes mellitus,.
71.SupplementDEX Database: Alzheimer's disease — Reduced risk of Alzheimer's disease with high folate intake: the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging2005
A study of 57 older adults found that when these 3 vitamins were analyzed together, only total intake of folate at or above the RDA (RR, 0.45; 95% CI, 0.21 to 0.97) was associated with a significant decreased risk of AD.
SupplementDEX Database · Carpal tunnel syndrome
13 references72.SupplementDEX Database: Carpal tunnel syndrome — Clinical usefulness of nutraceutics with acetyl-L-carnitine, α-lipoic acid, phosphatidylserine, curcumin, C, E and B-group vitamins in patients awaiting for carpal tunnel release during COVID-19 pandemic: a randomized controlled open label prospective study2023
An open-label RCT in 147 mild-to-moderate carpal tunnel patients awaiting surgery found a nutraceutical blend with acetyl-L-carnitine improved pain and symptom scores after 60 days, but not hand function.
73.SupplementDEX Database: Carpal tunnel syndrome — Non-surgical treatment (other than steroid injection) for carpal tunnel syndrome2003
A systematic review of 63 studies found that in one trial involving 51 people yoga significantly reduced pain after eight weeks (WMD -1.40; 95% CI -2.73 to -0.07) compared with wrist splinting.
74.SupplementDEX Database: Carpal tunnel syndrome — Vitamin B6, vitamin C, and carpal tunnel syndrome. A cross-sectional study of 441 adults1997
An observational study of 218 adults found that in the entire study group and in non-vitamin users (n = 218), there were no significant differences in mean plasma PLP or ASC concentrations between controls (neither symptoms nor slowing), subjects with symptoms only, subjects with median nerve slowing only, or subjects with.
75.SupplementDEX Database: Carpal tunnel syndrome — Vitamin B6 (pyridoxine) therapy for carpal tunnel syndrome1996
A study found that for patients not responsive to conservative therapy, surgical decompression of the carpal canal is the treatment of choice.
76.SupplementDEX Database: Carpal tunnel syndrome — The relationship of vitamin B6 status to median nerve function and carpal tunnel syndrome among active industrial workers1996
A study found that measurements of vitamin B6 status were unrelated to self-reported symptoms potentially consistent with CTS, electrophysiologically determined median or ulnar nerve function, and CTS defined on the basis of self-reported symptoms and electrophysiologic measurements.
77.SupplementDEX Database: Carpal tunnel syndrome — Brief communication: effect of pharmacologic doses of vitamin B6 on carpal tunnel syndrome, electroencephalographic results, and pain1993
A study in patients with carpal tunnel syndrome found that motor latency, while the most common screening test for carpal tunnel syndrome, was not significantly changed during the course of treatment.
78.SupplementDEX Database: Carpal tunnel syndrome — Using pyridoxine to treat carpal tunnel syndrome. Randomized control trial1993
A randomized trial found that no differences in outcome were found in electrophysiologic signs, clinical signs, or significant symptoms.
79.SupplementDEX Database: Carpal tunnel syndrome — Treatment of carpal tunnel syndrome with vitamin B6: a double-blind study1989
A randomized trial of 15 found that vitamin B6 seems to have no advantage over conservative therapy for carpal tunnel syndrome.
80.SupplementDEX Database: Carpal tunnel syndrome — Response of vitamin B-6 deficiency and the carpal tunnel syndrome to pyridoxine1982
A study in patients with underlying vitamin b6 deficiency found that after double-blind treatment with pyridoxine and placebo, two physicians identified those receiving pyridoxine (clinically improved) and those receiving placebo (did not improve) without error, P less than 0.0078.
81.SupplementDEX Database: Carpal tunnel syndrome — Therapy with vitamin B6 with and without surgery for treatment of patients having the idiopathic carpal tunnel syndrome1981
A study found that these data, in conjunction with previous biochemical and clinical results over five years, underscore the desirability, and even necessity, of testing by the EGOT analysis for the presence of a severe deficiency of vitamin B6 in all such patients before surgery.
82.SupplementDEX Database: Carpal tunnel syndrome — Clinical results of a cross-over treatment with pyridoxine and placebo of the carpal tunnel syndrome1979
A crossover trial of 22 found that 100 mg pyridoxine/day conduction through the carpal tunnels had improved by electromyography.
83.SupplementDEX Database: Carpal tunnel syndrome — Biochemical evidence for a deficiency of vitamin B6 in the carpal tunnel syndrome based on a crossover clinical study1978
A crossover trial found that (ii) Treatment with pyridoxine at 2 mg/day reduced the deficiency of EGOT activity from about 70% to 50%, maintained a deficiency of pyridoxal phosphate, and relieved but allowed a marginal syndrome.
84.SupplementDEX Database: Carpal tunnel syndrome — Vitamin B6 deficiency in patients with a clinical syndrome including the carpal tunnel defect. Biochemical and clinical response to therapy with pyridoxine1976
A study found that ten individuals having a severe clinical status associated with the carpal tunnel syndrome were selected for treatment with pyridoxine.
85.SupplementDEX Database: Cataracts (May exacerbate) — Folic Acid, Vitamin B6, and Vitamin B12 in Combination and Age-Related Cataract in a Randomized Trial of Women2016
A randomized trial of 3925 women found that 2.5 mg/day for the secondary endpoint of cataract extraction, there were 155 in the combination treatment group and 120 in the placebo group (HR 1.28, 95% CI 1.01-1.63; p = 0.04).
SupplementDEX Database · Colorectal adenoma
1 reference86.SupplementDEX Database: Colorectal adenoma — Effect of combined folic acid, vitamin B(6), and vitamin B(12) on colorectal adenoma2012
A randomized trial of 1470 women found that 2.5 mg the risk of colorectal adenoma was similar among participants receiving treatment (24.3%, 180 of 741 participants) vs placebo (24.0%, 175 of 729 participants) (multivariable adjusted relative risk = 1.00, 95% confidence interval = 0.83 to 1.20).
SupplementDEX Database · Osteoporosis
2 references87.SupplementDEX Database: Osteoporosis — B Vitamins and Hip Fracture: Secondary Analyses and Extended Follow-Up of Two Large Randomized Controlled Trials2017
An observational study found that 40 mg no statistically significant association was found between folic acid plus vitamin B 12 treatment and the risk of hip fracture, neither during the trial (median 3.3 years; hazard ratio [HR] 0.87; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.48 to 1.59) nor during the extended follow-up.
88.SupplementDEX Database: Osteoporosis — The effect of homocysteine-lowering with B-vitamins on osteoporotic fractures in patients with cerebrovascular disease: substudy of VITATOPS, a randomised placebo-controlled trial2013
A randomized trial of 8164 patients with cerebrovascular disease found that 2 mg folic acid + 25 mg vitamin B6 + 500 µg vitamin B12/day for 2.8 years participants had a mean age of 62.6 years (SD 12.5 years) and 64% were male, 42% of Western European descent and 75% were functionally independent (Oxford Handicap Scale of two or less).
SupplementDEX Database · Pre-eclampsia
2 references89.SupplementDEX Database: Pre-eclampsia — Pyridoxine (vitamin B6) supplementation during pregnancy or labour for maternal and neonatal outcomes2015
A meta-analysis of 1242 participants found that vitamin B6 as oral capsules or lozenges resulted in decreased risk of dental decay in pregnant women (capsules: risk ratio (RR) 0.84; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.71 to 0.98; one trial, n = 371, low quality of evidence; lozenges: RR 0.68; 95% CI 0.56 to 0.83; one trial, n =.
90.SupplementDEX Database: Pre-eclampsia — Interventions with vitamins B6, B12 and C in pregnancy2012
A meta-analysis found that in meta-analyses, vitamins C and E increased the risk of pregnancy-related hypertension (relative risk 1.10 [95% CI 1.02, 1.19]).
SupplementDEX Database · Anxiety
2 references91.SupplementDEX Database: Anxiety — High-dose Vitamin B6 supplementation reduces anxiety and strengthens visual surround suppression2022
A randomized trial of 307 young adults found that vitamin B6 supplementation reduced self-reported anxiety and induced a trend towards reduced depression, as well as increased surround suppression of visual contrast detection, but did not reliably influence the other outcome measures.
92.SupplementDEX Database: Anxiety — Effect of Combined Use of Calcium and Vitamin B6 on Premenstrual Syndrome Symptoms: a Randomized Clinical Trial2016
An RCT of 76 women found combined calcium 500 mg plus vitamin B6 reduced PMS symptoms more than B6 alone over 2 months.
93.SupplementDEX Database: Hand-foot syndrome (Chemotherapy-induced acral erythema) — Pyridoxine Is Effective for Preventing Hand-Foot Syndrome Induced by Pegylated Liposomal Doxorubicin for Multiple Myeloma: The Results of a Randomized Study2022
A randomized trial of 53 found that 100 mg 2×/day a 11 of 53 (20.8%) patients in the no pyridoxine group experienced HFS, compared to 3 of 52 (5.8%) patients in the pyridoxine group ( P = .042); there was no difference in HFS grades ( P = .725).
94.SupplementDEX Database: Hand-foot syndrome (Chemotherapy-induced acral erythema) — Pyridoxine for prevention of hand-foot syndrome caused by chemotherapy agents: a meta-analysis2021
A meta-analysis of 1570 participants found that the subgroup analysis of pyridoxine dose also showed no significant difference between the two groups in preventing HFS grade ≥ 2 (OR = 0.79, 95% CI 0.62-0.99, P = 0.30).
95.SupplementDEX Database: Hand-foot syndrome (Chemotherapy-induced acral erythema) — A pilot randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled study on the effects of the topical application of pyridoxine on palmar-plantar erythrodysesthesia (PPE) induced by capecitabine or pegylated liposomal doxorubicin (PLD)2020
A randomized trial of 30 found that however, results demonstrated its effectiveness on health related QoL, QoL-associated with PPE and pain levels.
96.SupplementDEX Database: Hand-foot syndrome (Chemotherapy-induced acral erythema) — A randomised study evaluating the use of pyridoxine to avoid capecitabine dose modifications2012
A randomized study finding that pyridoxine supplementation did not significantly reduce the need for dose modifications due to hand–foot syndrome in patients treated with capecitabine. A study including 106 cancer patients planned for palliative single-agent capecitabine found that vitamin B6 (150 mg/day) only trended towards a reduction in the incidence of severe Hand-Foot syndrome (9% vs. 17%, odds ratio 0.51, 95% CI 0.15-1.6, P=0.26).
97.SupplementDEX Database: Hand-foot syndrome (Chemotherapy-induced acral erythema) — Randomized trial of two different doses of pyridoxine in the prevention of capecitabine-associated palmar-plantar erythrodysesthesia2010
A randomized trial of 56 found that 400 mg/day the high dose arm had less PPE than the low dose arm (11 of 28 or 39% vs 20 of 28 or 71%, relative risk = 0.26 [0.08, 0.79], P = 0.031).
98.SupplementDEX Database: Hand-foot syndrome (Chemotherapy-induced acral erythema) — Pyridoxine therapy for palmar-plantar erythrodysesthesia associated with continuous 5-fluorouracil infusion1990
A study of colon cancer patients found that vitamin B6 (pyridoxine) was able to reduce the incidence of palmar-plantar erythrodysesthesia (Hand-foot syndrome) due to 5-fluorouracil infusion from 72% to 27%. In untreated patients who developed moderate palmar-plantar erythrodysesthesia, a dose of either 50 or 150 mg vitamin B6 led to resolution of symptoms in 4 out of 5 patients. Pyridoxine had no noted adverse effect on clinical response.
SupplementDEX Database · Metabolic health
1 reference99.SupplementDEX Database: Metabolic health — [Influence of administration of pyridoxine on circadian rhythm of plasma ACTH, cortisol prolactin and somatotropin in normal subjects]1984
A study of 10 women found that 300 mg pyridoxine, 2×/day after vitamin B6 24 hrs pattern of ACTH and cortisol is unchanged; prolactin levels are slightly lower, in a statistically unsignificant proportion the night peak of growth hormone is higher in a statistically significant proportion (p. 0.05).
SupplementDEX Database · Athletic performance
2 references100.SupplementDEX Database: Athletic performance — Effects of Supplementing Zinc Magnesium Aspartate on Sleep Quality and Submaximal Weightlifting Performance, following Two Consecutive Nights of Partial Sleep Deprivation2024
A double-blind crossover RCT of 16 sleep-deprived trained males found ZMA supplementation for two nights had no significant effect on sleep quality or next-morning grip strength, bench press, or back squat performance.
101.SupplementDEX Database: Athletic performance — Pyridoxine (B6) suppresses the rise in prolactin and increases the rise in growth hormone induced by exercise1982
A study in adults found that 600 mg pyridoxine (B6) suppresses the rise in prolactin and increases the rise in growth hormone induced by exercise..
SupplementDEX Database · Sleep
2 references102.SupplementDEX Database: Sleep — Exploring the Effect of Lactium™ and Zizyphus Complex on Sleep Quality: A Double-Blind, Randomized Placebo-Controlled Trial2017
A randomized trial of 171 healthy adults found that it currently cannot be concluded that administration of LZComplex3 for 2 weeks improves sleep quality, however, a marked placebo response (despite placebo run-in) and/or short duration of treatment may have masked a potential beneficial effect on sleep quality.
103.SupplementDEX Database: Sleep — Effects of pyridoxine on dreaming: a preliminary study2002
A study of 12 subjects (18 to 28 yrs) found that vitamin B6 (250 mg or 100 mg/day before sleep for 5 days) enhanced dream salience, vividness, bizarreness, emotionality, and colour when compared to placebo. The higher vitamin B6 dose (250 mg/day) enhanced dream salience to a greater extent than 100 mg vitamin B6 or placebo for the first 3 days. Vitamin B6 may act by increasing cortical arousal during rapid eye movement (REM) sleep.