Panax Ginseng
Panax (Asian) ginseng is studied for cognition, fatigue, and metabolic outcomes. Effects depend on extract standardization and dose.
Overview
What is Panax ginseng?
Panax ginseng (Korean ginseng) is a herb that is used to improve mood, immunity and for cognitive health. Panax ginseng contains active compounds called ginsenosides, which contribute to its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and cardioprotective effects by improving blood circulation and reducing oxidative stress.
Dosage
A typical dose of panax ginseng is 200-3,000 mg per day.
Doses of 2 grams per day have been safely used for up to 16 weeks in clinical studies.
Effect graph
Effect heatmap
SupplementDEX Database
55 conditions for , and rated at least stars. All purchase bands. No minimum star filter.
Database Snapshot
Most panax ginseng research is concentrated in a handful of conditions.
- Age-related cognitive decline accounts for 16 of 182 studies (9%).
- Athletic performance accounts for 15 of 182 studies (8%).
- Erectile dysfunction (ED) accounts for 11 of 182 studies (6%).
- Sparse coverage remains for Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), Breast cancer, Chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS).
Dietary Sources
Dietary sources
Panax ginseng is consumed as a supplement (capsules, extracts, powders) or as a traditional tea from the root. It is not a common food.
Safety
Dose windows
Short-term
Panax ginseng is likely safe when used at typical doses in the short term (up to 6 months).
Long-term
Use may be possibly unsafe due to potential hormonal effects.
Frequently Asked Questions
References
Sources140 references
SupplementDEX uses only high-quality sources to determine supplement effectiveness.
1.SupplementDEX Database: Age-related cognitive decline — Effects of Korean red ginseng on human gray matter volume and cognitive function: A voxel-based morphometry study2020
An 8-week RCT in 51 healthy adults found 1000 mg/day Korean red ginseng did not significantly change gray matter volume or composite cognitive scores versus placebo.
2.SupplementDEX Database: Age-related cognitive decline — Efficacy of Panax ginseng Meyer Herbal Preparation HRG80 in Preventing and Mitigating Stress-Induced Failure of Cognitive Functions in Healthy Subjects: A Pilot, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Crossover Trial2020
A crossover pilot in 50 tired adults found hydroponic red ginseng improved cognitive processing and perceived stress versus placebo and traditional white ginseng after single and repeated doses.
3.SupplementDEX Database: Age-related cognitive decline — Ginseng and Ginkgo Biloba Effects on Cognition as Modulated by Cardiovascular Reactivity: A Randomised Trial2016
In 24 healthy adults, Ginkgo biloba (120–240 mg) improved executive function in women only; Panax ginseng (500–1000 mg) did not improve cognition.
4.SupplementDEX Database: Age-related cognitive decline — Effects of Korean Red Ginseng on Cognitive and Motor Function: A Double-blind, Randomized, Placebo-controlled Trial2012
A 2-week RCT in 15 healthy young men found 4500 mg/day red ginseng did not significantly change Vienna test system or P300 cognitive measures versus placebo.
5.SupplementDEX Database: Age-related cognitive decline — Improvement of cognitive deficit in Alzheimer's disease patients by long term treatment with korean red ginseng2011
An open-label extension in Alzheimer's patients found 4.5–9 g/day Korean red ginseng maintained improved MMSE and ADAS scores for up to 96 weeks after initial 24-week gains.
6.SupplementDEX Database: Age-related cognitive decline — Panax ginseng (G115) improves aspects of working memory performance and subjective ratings of calmness in healthy young adults2010
In 30 healthy adults, 200–400 mg/day Panax ginseng G115 for 8 days improved working memory and mood versus placebo, with dose- and time-dependent effects.
7.SupplementDEX Database: Age-related cognitive decline — An open-label trial of Korean red ginseng as an adjuvant treatment for cognitive impairment in patients with Alzheimer's disease2008
A 12-week RCT in 61 Alzheimer's patients found 4.5–9 g/day Korean red ginseng as adjuvant therapy improved cognitive and clinical dementia ratings versus control.
8.SupplementDEX Database: Age-related cognitive decline — Panax ginseng enhances cognitive performance in Alzheimer disease2008
An open-label 12-week RCT in 97 Alzheimer's patients found 4.5 g/day Panax ginseng improved ADAS and MMSE scores, with benefits persisting 12 weeks after discontinuation.
9.SupplementDEX Database: Age-related cognitive decline — Effects of Panax ginseng, consumed with and without glucose, on blood glucose levels and cognitive performance during sustained 'mentally demanding' tasks2006
In 27 healthy adults, 200 mg ginseng G115 with or without glucose did not consistently improve cognitive performance on a demand test battery.
10.SupplementDEX Database: Age-related cognitive decline — Single doses of Panax ginseng (G115) reduce blood glucose levels and improve cognitive performance during sustained mental activity2005
In 30 healthy adults, single doses of 200–400 mg Panax ginseng G115 improved serial subtraction and mental fatigue scores and lowered blood glucose versus placebo.
11.SupplementDEX Database: Age-related cognitive decline — Improved cognitive performance in human volunteers following administration of guarana (Paullinia cupana) extract: comparison and interaction with Panax ginseng2004
In a crossover trial, guarana extract improved cognitive performance, with additional benefit when combined with Panax ginseng versus placebo.
12.SupplementDEX Database: Age-related cognitive decline — Acute, dose-dependent cognitive effects of Ginkgo biloba, Panax ginseng and their combination in healthy young volunteers: differential interactions with cognitive demand2002
In healthy young adults, acute ginkgo, ginseng, and their combination produced task-dependent improvements in serial arithmetic performance versus placebo.
13.SupplementDEX Database: Age-related cognitive decline — Modulation of cognition and mood following administration of single doses of Ginkgo biloba, ginseng, and a ginkgo/ginseng combination to healthy young adults2002
In 20 healthy young adults, single doses of ginkgo 360 mg, ginseng 400 mg, or combined product produced modest acute improvements in some cognitive and mood measures versus placebo.
15.SupplementDEX Database: Age-related cognitive decline — Influence of a double blind pharmacological trial on two domains of well-being in subjects with age associated memory impairment1995
A 9-month double-blind RCT in 60 adults with age-associated memory impairment found a ginseng-containing vitamin complex improved memory index and life satisfaction versus placebo.
16.SupplementDEX Database: Age-related cognitive decline — A double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical study on the effect of a standardized ginseng extract on psychomotor performance in healthy volunteers1986
A 12-week double-blind trial in 16 healthy men found standardized Korean ginseng G115 improved attention, processing, and reaction time versus placebo, with significant gains in mental arithmetic.
14.A double-masked study of the effects of ginseng on cognitive functions. See external sourceExternal source
SupplementDEX Database · Alzheimer's disease
2 references17.SupplementDEX Database: Alzheimer's disease — Heat-processed ginseng enhances the cognitive function in patients with moderately severe Alzheimer's disease2012
A 24-week RCT in 40 Alzheimer's patients found heat-processed ginseng (1.5–4.5 g/day) improved MMSE and ADAS scores, with greater benefits at higher doses.
18.Cognitive improvement by ginseng in Alzheimer's disease. See external sourceExternal source
SupplementDEX Database · Cardiovascular health
4 references19.SupplementDEX Database: Cardiovascular health — The Effect of Ginseng Supplementation on Lipid Profile: GRADE-assessed Systematic Review and Dose-response Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials2024
A GRADE-assessed meta-analysis of 29 RCTs found ginseng supplementation significantly lowered triglycerides, total cholesterol, LDL-C, and raised HDL-C versus control.
20.SupplementDEX Database: Cardiovascular health — Effects of Ginseng Consumption on Cardiovascular Health Biomarkers in Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials2024
A meta-analysis of 45 RCTs found ginseng significantly reduced systolic blood pressure (−2.57 mmHg), total cholesterol, LDL-C, and C-reactive protein in adults.
21.SupplementDEX Database: Cardiovascular health — Effects of Panax ginseng on hyperglycemia, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia: A systematic review and meta-analysis2022
A meta-analysis of 23 studies found Panax ginseng significantly reduced glucose, insulin, body fat, blood pressure, total cholesterol, triglycerides, and LDL-C versus placebo across metabolic conditions.
22.SupplementDEX Database: Cardiovascular health — Effects of Korean red ginseng (Panax ginseng C.A. Mayer) and its isolated ginsenosides and polysaccharides on arterial stiffness in healthy individuals2010
In 17 healthy adults, a single 3 g dose of Korean red ginseng significantly lowered radial augmentation index versus placebo over 3 hours, suggesting acute vascular benefit.
SupplementDEX Database · Cognitive performance
3 references23.SupplementDEX Database: Cognitive performance — Differential, dose dependent changes in cognitive performance following acute administration of a Ginkgo biloba/Panax ginseng combination to healthy young volunteers2001
In 20 healthy young adults, acute Ginkgo/ginseng combinations (320–960 mg) produced dose-related cognitive improvements on some computerized tests, with 320 mg superior to placebo on day 90.
24.SupplementDEX Database: Cognitive performance — The memory enhancing effects of a Ginkgo biloba/Panax ginseng combination in healthy middle-aged volunteers2000
In 256 healthy middle-aged volunteers, a ginkgo (60 mg) plus ginseng (100 mg) combination for 14 weeks significantly improved memory and cognitive test performance versus placebo.
25.SupplementDEX Database: Cognitive performance — [Effect of a standardized ginseng extract on general well-being, reaction time, lung function and gonadal hormones]1981
A German study of standardized ginseng extract reported improvements in general well-being, reaction time, lung function, and gonadal hormones versus placebo in healthy subjects.
SupplementDEX Database · Erectile dysfunction (ED)
10 references26.SupplementDEX Database: Erectile dysfunction (ED) — Effect of Carob and Ginseng Supplements on Semen Analysis Parameters, Sexual Function, and Sex Hormones in Infertile Men: Double-Blind, Randomized Controlled Trial Study2024
In 90 infertile men, ginseng 1.5 g/day for 12 weeks improved semen volume and viscosity versus placebo; carob also improved semen volume and sperm morphology.
27.SupplementDEX Database: Erectile dysfunction (ED) — Safety and Efficacy Assessment of Red Ginseng Oil (RXGIN) in Men with Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms in a Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial2024
A 12-week RCT in 88 men with lower urinary tract symptoms found red ginseng oil improved IPSS scores and related outcomes versus placebo.
28.SupplementDEX Database: Erectile dysfunction (ED) — Dietary Supplements for Erectile Dysfunction: Analysis of Marketed Products, Systematic Review, Meta-Analysis and Rational Use2023
A systematic review of dietary supplements for erectile dysfunction found insufficient evidence to recommend any product, including ginseng combinations, as first-line therapy.
29.SupplementDEX Database: Erectile dysfunction (ED) — Effects of Korean ginseng berry extract on sexual function in men with erectile dysfunction: a multicenter, placebo-controlled, double-blind clinical study2013
In 119 men with mild-to-moderate erectile dysfunction, Korean ginseng berry extract 1400 mg/day for 8 weeks improved IIEF-15 and erectile function scores versus placebo.
30.SupplementDEX Database: Erectile dysfunction (ED) — Effects of tissue-cultured mountain ginseng (Panax ginseng CA Meyer) extract on male patients with erectile dysfunction2009
In 143 men with erectile dysfunction, tissue-cultured mountain ginseng extract 2000 mg/day for 8 weeks improved erectile function and overall satisfaction versus placebo (P<0.05).
31.SupplementDEX Database: Erectile dysfunction (ED) — Red ginseng for treating erectile dysfunction: a systematic review2008
A systematic review meta-analysis of 7 RCTs (n=349) found red ginseng significantly improved erectile dysfunction versus placebo (risk ratio 2.40, p<0.00001).
32.SupplementDEX Database: Erectile dysfunction (ED) — Study of the efficacy of Korean Red Ginseng in the treatment of erectile dysfunction2007
In 60 men with mild-to-moderate ED, Korean red ginseng 3000 mg/day improved IIEF-5 scores (16.4 to 21.0) and 66.6% reported better erections versus placebo.
33.SupplementDEX Database: Erectile dysfunction (ED) — A double-blind crossover study evaluating the efficacy of korean red ginseng in patients with erectile dysfunction: a preliminary report2002
A crossover study of 45 ED patients found Korean red ginseng 2700 mg/day significantly raised IIEF scores and penile rigidity versus placebo; 60% reported improved erections.
34.SupplementDEX Database: Erectile dysfunction (ED) — The cognitive, subjective, and physical effects of a ginkgo biloba/panax ginseng combination in healthy volunteers with neurasthenic complaints1997
In 64 neurasthenia patients (ages 40–65), Ginkgo/ginseng 320 mg twice daily for 90 days improved cognitive test scores versus placebo at the morning dose on day 90.
35.SupplementDEX Database: Erectile dysfunction (ED) — Clinical efficacy of Korean red ginseng for erectile dysfunction1995
In 90 ED patients, ginseng showed 60% overall efficacy versus 30% for placebo or trazodone on erectile parameters (p<0.05), though no complete remissions occurred.
SupplementDEX Database · Fatigue
11 references36.SupplementDEX Database: Fatigue — Effect of ginseng on fatigue related to neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder: A double-blinded randomized controlled clinical trial2024
In 64 NMOSD patients, ginseng 500 mg twice daily for 3 months significantly reduced fatigue scores (40.2 to 29.0) versus increased fatigue in the placebo group.
37.SupplementDEX Database: Fatigue — Effect of Saengmaeksan on Fatigue, Liver Function, and Immunity Combined with High-Intensity Training2023
In 17 male tennis players, Saengmaeksan herbal drink during 4 weeks of high-intensity training reduced ammonia and ALT and improved IgA versus placebo.
38.SupplementDEX Database: Fatigue — Effects of Ginseng on Cancer-Related Fatigue: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials2022
A meta-analysis of 7 RCTs found ginseng modestly reduced cancer-related fatigue (SMD −0.21) and improved physical and emotional well-being in cancer patients.
39.SupplementDEX Database: Fatigue — Reduced Self-Perception of Fatigue after Intake of Panax ginseng Root Extract (G115®) Formulated with Vitamins and Minerals-An Open-Label Study2021
In 103 healthy adults with fatigue, G115 ginseng 40 mg/day with vitamins/minerals for 90 days reduced self-perceived general fatigue 41.8% and improved energy and stress ratings.
40.SupplementDEX Database: Fatigue — Efficacy of Korean red ginseng (Panax ginseng) for middle-aged and moderate level of chronic fatigue patients: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial2019
A randomized trial of 50 chronic fatigue patients found 3 g/day Korean red ginseng for 6 weeks did not significantly reduce fatigue VAS versus placebo on primary or secondary outcomes.
41.SupplementDEX Database: Fatigue — Safety and antifatigue effect of Korean Red Ginseng: a randomized, double-blind, and placebo-controlled clinical trial2019
In 180 Chinese adults, Korean red ginseng 1.8 or 3.6 g/day for 4 weeks did not increase fire-heat symptoms and was evaluated for antifatigue effects versus placebo.
42.SupplementDEX Database: Fatigue — Anti-Fatigue Effects of Enzyme-Modified Ginseng Extract: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial2016
In 52 healthy adults, enzyme-modified ginseng extract 2000 mg/day for 4 weeks significantly reduced visual analogue fatigue scores versus placebo.
43.SupplementDEX Database: Fatigue — Anti-inflammatory and antifatigue effect of Korean Red Ginseng in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease2015
In 80 NAFLD patients, Korean red ginseng for 3 weeks lowered TNF-α (p=0.018) and raised adiponectin versus placebo (p=0.027), alongside improved liver enzymes.
44.SupplementDEX Database: Fatigue — Ginseng in the treatment of fatigue in multiple sclerosis: a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind pilot study2013
In 60 female MS patients, ginseng 250 mg twice daily for 3 months significantly reduced fatigue (MFIS, p=0.046) and improved quality of life (MSQOL, p≤0.0001) versus placebo.
45.SupplementDEX Database: Fatigue — Antifatigue effects of Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial2013
In 90 adults with idiopathic chronic fatigue, Panax ginseng 1–2 g/day for 4 weeks improved mental fatigue scores and 2 g/day reduced visual analogue fatigue versus placebo.
46.Pharmaton capsules in the treatment of functional fatigue: A double‐blind study versus placebo evaluated by a new methodology. See external sourceExternal source
SupplementDEX Database · Flu
2 references47.SupplementDEX Database: Flu — Preventive effect of Korean red ginseng for acute respiratory illness: a randomized and double-blind clinical trial2012
In 100 healthy volunteers, Korean red ginseng 3 g/day for 12 weeks cut acute respiratory illness incidence (24.5% vs 44.9%, p=0.034) versus placebo.
48.SupplementDEX Database: Flu — Efficacy and safety of the standardised Ginseng extract G115 for potentiating vaccination against the influenza syndrome and protection against the common cold [corrected]1996
In 227 adults, ginseng G115 100 mg/day for 12 weeks with flu vaccination cut cold/flu cases (15 vs 42, p<0.001) and raised antibody titres and NK cell activity versus placebo.
SupplementDEX Database · Metabolic health
7 references50.SupplementDEX Database: Metabolic health — Beneficial effects of Korean red ginseng on lymphocyte DNA damage, antioxidant enzyme activity, and LDL oxidation in healthy participants: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial2012
In 57 healthy adults, Korean red ginseng 3–6 g/day for 8 weeks raised antioxidant enzymes, reduced lymphocyte DNA damage, and lowered oxidized LDL versus placebo.
51.SupplementDEX Database: Metabolic health — Red ginseng for type 2 diabetes mellitus: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials2011
A systematic review of 4 RCTs found red ginseng did not significantly improve fasting glucose or insulin in type 2 diabetes (WMD −0.43 mmol/L, p=0.25).
52.SupplementDEX Database: Metabolic health — Antioxidant effects of Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer in healthy subjects: a randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial2011
In 82 healthy adults, Panax ginseng 1–2 g/day for 4 weeks lowered serum ROS and malondialdehyde and increased glutathione at 2 g/day versus control.
53.SupplementDEX Database: Metabolic health — Effects of Panax ginseng supplementation on muscle damage and inflammation after uphill treadmill running in humans2011
In 18 men, Korean red ginseng extract 20 g/day for 7 days before uphill running lowered CK at 72 h and IL-6 during recovery and improved post-exercise glucose handling versus placebo.
54.SupplementDEX Database: Metabolic health — Korean red ginseng (Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer) root fractions: differential effects on postprandial glycemia in healthy individuals2011
In 13 healthy adults, 3 g Korean red ginseng body fraction before a meal lowered postprandial glucose 27% versus placebo; rootlets with higher ginsenosides did not.
55.SupplementDEX Database: Metabolic health — Panax ginseng has no effect on indices of glucose regulation following acute or chronic ingestion in healthy volunteers2008
Two crossover trials in healthy volunteers found Panax ginseng (G115 and Cheong Kwan Jang) did not alter HbA1c, fasting glucose, or postprandial glycemic responses.
49.The effect of ginseng supplementation on anabolic index, muscle strength, body composition, and testosterone and cortisol response to acute resistance exercise in male bodybuilders. See external sourceExternal source
SupplementDEX Database · Sexual arousal
3 references56.SupplementDEX Database: Sexual arousal — Effects of Korean red ginseng on sexual arousal in menopausal women: placebo-controlled, double-blind crossover clinical study2010
In 32 menopausal women, Korean red ginseng 3 g/day improved sexual arousal on the FSFI (p=0.006) and global assessment versus placebo in a crossover trial.
57.SupplementDEX Database: Sexual arousal — The enhancement of female sexual function with ArginMax, a nutritional supplement, among women differing in menopausal status2006
In 108 women (ages 22–73), ArginMax (arginine, ginseng, ginkgo, damiana) for 4 weeks improved sexual desire and satisfaction in premenopausal, perimenopausal, and postmenopausal subgroups versus placebo.
58.SupplementDEX Database: Sexual arousal — A double-blind placebo-controlled study of ArginMax, a nutritional supplement for enhancement of female sexual function2001
In a 4-week study of 77 women, ArginMax (ginseng, Ginkgo, damiana, and arginine) improved sexual satisfaction and desire versus placebo.
SupplementDEX Database · Type 2 diabetes
5 references59.SupplementDEX Database: Type 2 diabetes — The effect of ginseng (the genus Panax) on glycemic control: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled clinical trials2014
A meta-analysis of 16 RCTs (n=770) found ginseng significantly lowered fasting blood glucose −0.31 mmol/L (p=0.03) but not HbA1c or insulin overall.
60.SupplementDEX Database: Type 2 diabetes — Postprandial glucose-lowering effects of fermented red ginseng in subjects with impaired fasting glucose or type 2 diabetes: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial2014
In 42 adults with impaired fasting glucose or type 2 diabetes, fermented red ginseng for 4 weeks lowered postprandial glucose and insulin AUC versus placebo without changing fasting lipids.
61.SupplementDEX Database: Type 2 diabetes — Ginseng and ginsenoside Re do not improve β-cell function or insulin sensitivity in overweight and obese subjects with impaired glucose tolerance or diabetes2011
In overweight adults with impaired glucose tolerance or new type 2 diabetes, ginseng 8 g/day or ginsenoside Re for 30 days did not improve beta-cell function or insulin sensitivity versus placebo.
62.SupplementDEX Database: Type 2 diabetes — Korean red ginseng (Panax ginseng) improves glucose and insulin regulation in well-controlled, type 2 diabetes: results of a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of efficacy and safety2008
In 19 well-controlled type 2 diabetes patients, Korean red ginseng rootlets 6 g/day for 12 weeks lowered postprandial glucose 8–11% and insulin 33–38% versus placebo without changing HbA1c.
63.SupplementDEX Database: Type 2 diabetes — Ginseng therapy in non-insulin-dependent diabetic patients1995
In 36 newly diagnosed NIDDM patients, ginseng 100–200 mg/day for 8 weeks improved mood, performance, fasting glucose, and glycated hemoglobin at 200 mg versus placebo.
SupplementDEX Database · Athletic performance
14 references64.SupplementDEX Database: Athletic performance — Short-Term Panax Ginseng Extract Supplementation Reduces Fasting Blood Triacylglycerides and Oxygen Consumption during Sub-Maximal Aerobic Exercise in Male Recreational Athletes2024
A 14-day RCT in male athletes found 500 mg/day Panax ginseng extract reduced fasting triacylglycerides without improving aerobic performance versus baseline.
65.SupplementDEX Database: Athletic performance — Panax ginseng Supplementation Increases Muscle Recruitment, Attenuates Perceived Effort, and Accelerates Muscle Force Recovery After an Eccentric-Based Exercise in Athletes2022
In 10 male athletes, 8 days of Panax ginseng increased muscle recruitment and reduced perceived effort during eccentric exercise versus placebo.
66.SupplementDEX Database: Athletic performance — Dose-response and temporal ergogenic effects of ginseng supplementation in athletes and active participants: A systematic review and meta-analysis2022
A meta-analysis of 14 athlete trials found high-dose ginseng had a short-term vertical jump benefit but no consistent effects on perceived exertion, VO2 max, or power output.
67.SupplementDEX Database: Athletic performance — Effects of acute supplementation of Panax ginseng on endurance running in a hot & humid environment2011
In 9 heat-adapted runners, acute 200 mg Panax ginseng before treadmill exercise in hot humid conditions did not improve endurance performance versus placebo.
68.SupplementDEX Database: Athletic performance — Ginseng supplementation does not change lactate threshold and physical performances in physically active Thai men2007
An 8-week RCT in 60 young Thai navy men found 3 g/day ginseng did not change lactate threshold or aerobic performance versus placebo.
69.SupplementDEX Database: Athletic performance — Effects of ginseng on secretory IgA, performance, and recovery from interval exercise2003
An 8-week RCT in active adults found 400 mg/day ginseng G115 did not improve secretory IgA, Wingate sprint performance, or recovery versus placebo.
70.SupplementDEX Database: Athletic performance — Effects of ginseng supplementation on supramaximal exercise performance and short-term recovery2001
An 8-week RCT in 24 active women found 400 mg/day Panax ginseng G115 did not improve 30-second Wingate performance or short-term recovery versus placebo.
71.SupplementDEX Database: Athletic performance — The efficacy of ginseng. A systematic review of randomised clinical trials1999
A systematic review of 16 ginseng RCTs found inconsistent evidence for physical performance, psychomotor function, and other claimed benefits.
72.SupplementDEX Database: Athletic performance — Ginseng supplementation does not enhance healthy young adults' peak aerobic exercise performance1998
A 3-week RCT in 28 healthy adults found 200 mg/day Panax ginseng did not improve peak aerobic exercise performance, VO2, or lactate at exhaustion versus placebo.
74.SupplementDEX Database: Athletic performance — No ergogenic effects of ginseng (Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer) during graded maximal aerobic exercise1997
An 8-week RCT in 36 men found 200–400 mg/day Panax ginseng G115 did not alter submaximal or maximal aerobic exercise responses versus placebo.
76.SupplementDEX Database: Athletic performance — No ergogenic effect of ginseng ingestion1996
In healthy men, 7 days of Panax ginseng extract 8–16 mg/kg before cycling did not improve VO2, lactate, or time to exhaustion versus placebo in a crossover trial.
73.The effect of ginseng supplementation on strength development in response to resistance exercise training. See external sourceExternal source
75.Failure of chronic ginseng supplementation to affect work performance and energy metabolism in healthy adult females. See external sourceExternal source
77.Effects of Standardized Ginseng Extract and Exercise Training on Aerobic and Anaerobic Exercise Capacities in Humans. See external sourceExternal source
78.SupplementDEX Database: Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) — Effect of Omega-3 and Korean Red Ginseng on Children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: An Open-Label Pilot Study2020
A 12-week open-label RCT in 40 children with ADHD found omega-3 plus Korean red ginseng extract improved ADHD symptom and cognitive test scores without psychotropic drugs.
79.SupplementDEX Database: Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) — Effects of Korean red ginseng extract on behavior in children with symptoms of inattention and hyperactivity/impulsivity: a double-blind randomized placebo-controlled trial2014
An 8-week double-blind RCT in children with ADHD symptoms found 2 g/day Korean red ginseng extract reduced DSM-IV symptom scores versus placebo.
80.SupplementDEX Database: Chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) — An Open-Label, Pilot Trial of HRG80™ Red Ginseng in Chronic Fatigue Syndrome, Fibromyalgia, and Post-Viral Fatigue2021
An open-label trial of 188 patients with chronic fatigue syndrome or fibromyalgia taking HRG80 red ginseng (200–400 mg/day for 1 month) found 60.1% self-rated improved, with composite scores rising from 11.9 to 18.8 (p<0.001).
SupplementDEX Database · High blood pressure
5 references81.SupplementDEX Database: High blood pressure — Effect of coadministration of enriched Korean Red Ginseng (Panax ginseng) and American ginseng (Panax quinquefolius L) on cardiometabolic outcomes in type-2 diabetes: A randomized controlled trial2021
In 80 type 2 diabetes patients with hypertension, 12 weeks of combined Rg3-enriched Korean red ginseng plus American ginseng 2.25 g/day lowered 24-hour systolic BP 4 mmHg and HbA1c 0.35% versus control.
82.SupplementDEX Database: High blood pressure — Vascular effects of combined enriched Korean Red ginseng (Panax Ginseng) and American ginseng (Panax Quinquefolius) administration in individuals with hypertension and type 2 diabetes: A randomized controlled trial2020
In 80 type 2 diabetes patients with hypertension over 12 weeks, combined Rg3-KRG plus American ginseng 2.25 g/day reduced central systolic BP and pulse waveform area versus placebo on standard therapy.
83.SupplementDEX Database: High blood pressure — Blood pressure lowering effect of Korea ginseng derived ginseol K-g12014
In 90 adults with elevated blood pressure, high-dose Ginseol K-g1 (300 mg/day) for 8 weeks lowered seated systolic and diastolic BP from baseline (p<0.05), though between-group differences were not significant.
84.SupplementDEX Database: High blood pressure — Effect of Korean red ginseng on arterial stiffness in subjects with hypertension2011
In 80 hypertensive patients on antihypertensives, Korean red ginseng 3 g/day for 3 months did not improve arterial stiffness (baPWV) or blood pressure versus placebo.
85.SupplementDEX Database: High blood pressure — Effect of red ginseng on blood pressure in patients with essential hypertension and white coat hypertension1998
In 26 essential hypertension patients, red ginseng 4.5 g/day for 8 weeks lowered 24-hour mean systolic BP (p=0.03), mainly daytime and dawn; no effect in white-coat hypertension.
SupplementDEX Database · Mood
2 references86.SupplementDEX Database: Mood — Effects of Panax ginseng on quality of life2002
In 30 healthy adults, Panax ginseng 200 mg/day for 8 weeks improved social functioning and mental health scores at 4 weeks versus placebo, though effects faded by 8 weeks.
87.SupplementDEX Database: Mood — Ginseng does not enhance psychological well-being in healthy, young adults: results of a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized clinical trial2001
In 83 healthy young adults, ginseng 200–400 mg/day for 8 weeks did not improve positive affect, negative affect, or mood disturbance versus placebo.
SupplementDEX Database · Menopause
5 references88.SupplementDEX Database: Menopause — The Effect of Panax ginseng on Genitourinary Syndrome in Postmenopausal Women: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial2021
In 60 postmenopausal women with genitourinary syndrome, ginseng twice daily for 4 weeks improved subjective atrophic vaginitis symptoms (p<0.001) but not objective vaginal pH or maturation index.
89.SupplementDEX Database: Menopause — Bioactive Plant Compounds in Coffee Charcoal (Coffeae carbo) Extract Inhibit Cytokine Release from Activated Human THP-1 Macrophages2019
A cell-culture study found coffee charcoal extract and chlorogenic acid isomers inhibited TNF, IL-6, and MCP-1 release from LPS-challenged human macrophages.
90.SupplementDEX Database: Menopause — Effects of red ginseng supplementation on menopausal symptoms and cardiovascular risk factors in postmenopausal women: a double-blind randomized controlled trial2012
In 72 postmenopausal women, red ginseng 3 g/day for 12 weeks improved menopause symptom scores, lowered total and LDL cholesterol, and reduced carotid intima-media thickness versus placebo.
91.SupplementDEX Database: Menopause — Gincosan (a combination of Ginkgo biloba and Panax ginseng): the effects on mood and cognition of 6 and 12 weeks' treatment in post-menopausal women2004
In 57 post-menopausal women, Gincosan (ginkgo 120 mg plus ginseng 200 mg) for 12 weeks improved memory and mood scores versus placebo.
92.SupplementDEX Database: Menopause — Effects of a standardized ginseng extract on quality of life and physiological parameters in symptomatic postmenopausal women: a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Swedish Alternative Medicine Group1999
In 384 symptomatic postmenopausal women, standardized ginseng for 16 weeks showed only a trend for overall well-being (p<0.1) but improved depression and health subscales versus placebo.
93.SupplementDEX Database: Muscle mass & strength — Six weeks of Jilin ginseng root supplementation attenuates drop jump-related muscle injury markers in healthy female college students2021
In 20 female college students, Jilin ginseng supplementation for 6 weeks improved VO2 max and reduced knee/ankle stiffness after drop-jump exercise versus placebo.
94.SupplementDEX Database: Androgenic alopecia (Hair loss) — An Herbal Extract Combination (Biochanin A, Acetyl tetrapeptide-3, and Ginseng Extracts) versus 3% Minoxidil Solution for the Treatment of Androgenetic Alopecia: A 24-week, Prospective, Randomized, Triple-blind, Controlled Trial2020
A 24-week RCT in 32 adults with androgenetic alopecia found an herbal extract with ginseng showed hair growth benefits comparable to 3% minoxidil.
SupplementDEX Database · Breast cancer
2 references95.SupplementDEX Database: Breast cancer — Effects of Panax Ginseng on Health-Related Quality of Life in Patients with Non-Metastatic Breast Cancer: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial Ginseng for HRQOL in Breast Cancer2023
An RCT in 40 women with early breast cancer found 1 g/day ginseng during chemotherapy did not prevent declines in health-related quality of life versus placebo.
96.SupplementDEX Database: Breast cancer — Association of ginseng use with survival and quality of life among breast cancer patients2006
In 1,455 Shanghai breast cancer patients followed ~6 years, regular ginseng use before diagnosis was linked to 29–30% lower mortality and recurrence risk; post-diagnosis use correlated with better quality of life.
Bronchitis
1 reference97.Effects of the Standardised Ginseng Extract G115 in Patients with Chronic Bronchitis: A Nonblinded, Randomised, Comparative Pilot Study. See external sourceExternal source
SupplementDEX Database · Cancer
8 references98.SupplementDEX Database: Cancer — Effects of a polyherbal formulation on the quality of life and survival of patients with common upper gastrointestinal cancers: A randomized placebo-controlled trial2021
A 12-week RCT in 40 upper GI cancer patients found a polyherbal syrup with ginseng improved quality of life versus placebo syrup.
99.SupplementDEX Database: Cancer — Case series of non-small cell lung cancer treated with mountain Ginseng pharmacopuncture2011
A case series in 6 non-small cell lung cancer patients found mixed responses to mountain ginseng pharmacopuncture by intravenous or acupoint routes over 28-day cycles.
100.SupplementDEX Database: Cancer — Non-organ-specific preventive effect of long-term administration of Korean red ginseng extract on incidence of human cancers2010
A randomized trial of 643 Chinese adults with chronic atrophic gastritis found 1 g/week red ginseng for 3 years (followed 8 years) did not significantly lower overall cancer risk versus placebo (relative risk 0.54, P=0.13).
101.SupplementDEX Database: Cancer — Advanced cancer cases treated with cultivated wild ginseng phamacopuncture2010
A pilot study of 7 advanced cancer patients given cultivated wild ginseng pharmacopuncture (20 mL/day IV for 2 weeks) reported 1-year survival 57.1% and median survival 544 days.
102.SupplementDEX Database: Cancer — Effects of sun ginseng on subjective quality of life in cancer patients: a double-blind, placebo-controlled pilot trial2006
In 53 cancer patients, sun ginseng 3000 mg/day for 12 weeks improved psychological quality of life (WHOQOL-BREF, P=0.02) and general health scores (GHQ-12, P<0.01) versus placebo.
103.SupplementDEX Database: Cancer — The cancer-preventive potential of Panax ginseng: a review of human and experimental evidence2000
A review of human and animal studies concluded Panax ginseng shows cancer-preventive potential, with Korean cohort and case-control data suggesting lower cancer risk with regular intake.
104.SupplementDEX Database: Cancer — Non-organ specific cancer prevention of ginseng: a prospective study in Korea1998
A prospective cohort of 4634 Koreans over 40 found ginseng consumers had 60% lower cancer risk than non-consumers (RR 0.40, 95% CI 0.28–0.56), with strongest effects for fresh extract and red ginseng.
105.SupplementDEX Database: Cancer — Preventive effect of ginseng intake against various human cancers: a case-control study on 1987 pairs1995
A Korean case-control study of 1987 pairs found ginseng intakers had half the cancer odds of non-intakers (OR 0.50), with dose-response by frequency and duration and lower risk across many cancer sites.
SupplementDEX Database · Cancer-related fatigue
2 references106.SupplementDEX Database: Cancer-related fatigue — Korean red ginseng for cancer-related fatigue in colorectal cancer patients with chemotherapy: A randomised phase III trial2020
In 438 colorectal cancer patients on chemotherapy, Korean red ginseng 2000 mg/day for 16 weeks improved fatigue versus placebo in per-protocol analysis (global BFI, P=0.019), including mood and walking ability.
107.SupplementDEX Database: Cancer-related fatigue — High-Dose Asian Ginseng (Panax Ginseng) for Cancer-Related Fatigue: A Preliminary Report2015
An open-label study of 30 cancer patients with high-dose Panax ginseng (800 mg/day for 29 days) found 87% had ≥3-point FACIT-F improvement by day 15, with no severe adverse events.
108.SupplementDEX Database: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) — Association between Consumption of Dietary Supplements and Chronic Kidney Disease Prevalence: Results of the Korean Nationwide Population-Based Survey2023
An NHANES analysis of 4378 Korean adults found ginseng and red ginseng consumption associated with higher chronic kidney disease prevalence, though causality remains unclear.
109.SupplementDEX Database: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) — Clinical efficacy and safety of Panax notoginseng saponins in treating chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with blood hypercoagulability: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials2023
A meta-analysis of 20 RCTs in 1831 COPD patients with hypercoagulable blood found Panax notoginseng saponins improved clinical efficiency and FEV1% predicted versus control.
110.SupplementDEX Database: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) — Effect of Panax Ginseng (G115) Capsules versus Placebo on Acute Exacerbations in Patients with Moderate to Very Severe COPD: A Randomized Controlled Trial2020
A 12-month RCT of 200 moderate-to-severe COPD patients found ginseng 400 mg twice daily did not significantly reduce acute exacerbation rates versus placebo.
111.SupplementDEX Database: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) — Oral ginseng formulae for stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a systematic review2011
A systematic review of 12 low-quality RCTs in 1560 stable COPD patients found ginseng formulae improved FEV1 and quality of life, though evidence quality was limited.
112.SupplementDEX Database: Congestive heart failure — [Effects of red ginseng on the congestive heart failure and its mechanism]1995
In 45 class IV heart failure patients, red ginseng plus digoxin showed greater hemodynamic and biochemical improvement than digoxin alone, with red ginseng also effective as monotherapy.
SupplementDEX Database · Constipation
1 reference113.SupplementDEX Database: Constipation — Effect of Fermented Red Ginseng Concentrate Intake on Stool Characteristic, Biochemical Parameters, and Gut Microbiota in Elderly Korean Women2022
In 29 Korean women ≥50 years, fermented red ginseng for 3 weeks improved stool consistency and bowel frequency and lowered glucose, triglycerides, cholesterol, and LDL while raising HDL.
SupplementDEX Database · Depression
1 reference114.SupplementDEX Database: Depression — Effectiveness and Tolerability of Korean Red Ginseng Augmentation in Major Depressive Disorder Patients with Difficult-to-treat in Routine Practice2020
In 36 difficult-to-treat major depression patients, Korean red ginseng augmentation for 6 weeks achieved 39.3% remission by MADRS and reduced MADRS scores 44.4% from baseline.
SupplementDEX Database · Fibromyalgia
1 reference115.SupplementDEX Database: Fibromyalgia — Effects of Panax ginseng extract in patients with fibromyalgia: a 12-week, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial2013
In 38 fibromyalgia patients, Panax ginseng 100 mg/day for 12 weeks reduced pain, fatigue, and sleep versus baseline, though group differences versus amitriptyline or placebo were not significant.
SupplementDEX Database · Gallbladder disease
1 reference116.SupplementDEX Database: Gallbladder disease — Effects of Korean red ginseng as an adjuvant to bile acids in medical dissolution therapy for gallstones: a prospective, randomized, controlled, double-blind pilot trial2013
In 28 gallstone patients, Korean red ginseng 7.5 g/day as adjuvant to bile acids for 24 weeks was safe but did not significantly increase stone dissolution versus placebo (p=0.09).
SupplementDEX Database · Glaucoma
1 reference117.SupplementDEX Database: Glaucoma — Effect of red ginseng on visual function and vision-related quality of life in patients with glaucoma2021
A crossover trial in glaucoma patients found red ginseng improved daytime contrast sensitivity and ocular pain; nighttime contrast sensitivity improved in early-to-moderate glaucoma.
SupplementDEX Database · Hangover
1 reference118.SupplementDEX Database: Hangover — Red ginseng relieves the effects of alcohol consumption and hangover symptoms in healthy men: a randomized crossover study2014
In 25 healthy men, red ginseng anti-hangover drink after whiskey lowered plasma and expiratory alcohol concentrations at 30–60 minutes versus placebo.
SupplementDEX Database · Hay fever
1 reference119.SupplementDEX Database: Hay fever — The Effect of Korean Red Ginseng on Symptoms and Inflammation in Patients With Allergic Rhinitis2021
In 60 allergic rhinitis patients, Korean red ginseng for 4 weeks improved rhinorrhea, nasal itching, and eye itching and lowered total IgE, IL-4, and nasal eosinophils similar to antihistamine.
SupplementDEX Database · Hearing loss
1 reference120.SupplementDEX Database: Hearing loss — Comparison of the effects of N-acetyl-cysteine and ginseng in prevention of noise induced hearing loss in male textile workers2014
In 48 textile workers, N-acetylcysteine 1200 mg/day and ginseng 200 mg/day for 14 days both reduced noise-induced temporary threshold shift at 4–16 kHz versus control.
SupplementDEX Database · Male infertility
1 reference121.SupplementDEX Database: Male infertility — Semen quality in patients with Chlamydia trachomatis genital infection treated concurrently with prulifloxacin and a phytotherapeutic agent2012
In 206 men with Chlamydia-associated oligoasthenoteratozoospermia, 6 months of FERTIMEV (L-arginine, L-carnitine, acetyl-L-carnitine, ginseng) plus prulifloxacin improved sperm concentration and motility more than antibiotic alone.
SupplementDEX Database · Metabolic syndrome
1 reference122.SupplementDEX Database: Metabolic syndrome — Positive influence of gut microbiota on the effects of Korean red ginseng in metabolic syndrome: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial2021
In 60 metabolic syndrome patients, Korean red ginseng for 8 weeks lowered systolic blood pressure and shifted gut microbiota, with responders showing greater metabolic benefit.
123.SupplementDEX Database: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) — Effect of Korea red ginseng on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: an association of gut microbiota with liver function2021
In 94 NAFLD patients, Korean red ginseng 2000 mg/day for 30 days improved liver enzymes and fatigue scores, with gut microbiota shifts linked to treatment response.
SupplementDEX Database · Oral cancer
1 reference124.SupplementDEX Database: Oral cancer — Comparison of the effectiveness of red ginseng herbal mouth rinse with chlorhexidine and saline in oral cancer patients: A pilot double-blinded randomized control trial2023
In 45 oral cancer patients, red ginseng herbal mouth rinse for 14 days reduced oral bacterial load and improved gingival index versus chlorhexidine and saline.
SupplementDEX Database · Oral health
1 reference125.SupplementDEX Database: Oral health — Korea red ginseng on Helicobacter pylori-induced halitosis: newer therapeutic strategy and a plausible mechanism2009
In 88 dyspeptic patients, 10 weeks of red ginseng resolved halitosis in 38 of 68 H. pylori-positive cases and improved symptoms in H. pylori-negative patients.
SupplementDEX Database · Osteoarthritis
1 reference126.SupplementDEX Database: Osteoarthritis — Clinical Effects of Korean Red Ginseng in Postmenopausal Women With Hand Osteoarthritis: A Double-Blind, Randomized Controlled Trial2021
In 52 postmenopausal women with hand osteoarthritis, red ginseng 3 g/day for 12 weeks improved pain and DASH scores and raised antioxidant enzyme activity versus placebo.
SupplementDEX Database · Pneumonia
1 reference127.SupplementDEX Database: Pneumonia — Efficacy and Safety of Shenfu Injection for Severe Pneumonia in the Elderly: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Based on Western and Eastern Medicine2022
A meta-analysis of elderly severe pneumonia trials found Shenfu injection (containing Panax ginseng) improved total effective rate and APACHE II scores as adjuvant therapy.
SupplementDEX Database · Prediabetes
3 references128.SupplementDEX Database: Prediabetes — Effects of ginseng berry saponins from panax ginseng on glucose metabolism of patients with prediabetes: A randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled, crossover trial2024
In 195 prediabetic adults, ginseng berry saponins (Zhenyuan Capsule) for 4 weeks reduced 2-hour postprandial glucose −0.98 mmol/L versus placebo after adjusting for order effects.
129.SupplementDEX Database: Prediabetes — Effects of α-Cyclodextrin on Cholesterol Control and Hydrolyzed Ginseng Extract on Glycemic Control in People With Prediabetes: A Randomized Clinical Trial2020
In 401 prediabetic adults, hydrolyzed ginseng for 6 months did not significantly improve fasting glucose as part of a factorial trial also testing α-cyclodextrin for cholesterol.
130.SupplementDEX Database: Prediabetes — Supplementation of cheonggukjang and red ginseng cheonggukjang can improve plasma lipid profile and fasting blood glucose concentration in subjects with impaired fasting glucose2011
In 45 adults with impaired fasting glucose, cheonggukjang or red ginseng cheonggukjang 20 g/day for 8 weeks lowered total cholesterol ~30–38 mg/dL, LDL, and fasting glucose versus starch control.
131.SupplementDEX Database: Premature ejaculation — Clinical study of SS-cream in patients with lifelong premature ejaculation2000
In 106 men with lifelong premature ejaculation, SS-cream (herbal topical) prolonged mean ejaculatory latency from 1.37 to 10.92 minutes versus 2.45 with placebo; 79.8% responded versus 15.1%.
SupplementDEX Database · Quality of life
2 references132.SupplementDEX Database: Quality of life — Double-blind study of a multivitamin complex supplemented with ginseng extract1996
In 625 adults, Pharmaton capsules (multivitamins plus ginseng G115) for 12 weeks raised quality-of-life index 11.9 points versus 6.4 with multivitamins alone.
133.A double-blind comparison of the effect on quality of life of a combination of vital substances including standardized ginseng G115 and placebo. See external sourceExternal source
134.SupplementDEX Database: Rheumatoid arthritis — Effectiveness of Korean Red Ginseng on fatigue in patients with rheumatic diseases: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study2024
In 120 rheumatic disease patients, Korean red ginseng 2 g/day for 12 weeks did not significantly raise FACIT-Fatigue response rate versus placebo (38.3% vs 26.7%, p=0.242).
SupplementDEX Database · Stress
1 reference135.SupplementDEX Database: Stress — The effects of Korean Red Ginseng on stress-related neurotransmitters and gene expression: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial2023
In 87 stressed men, Korean red ginseng for 8 weeks preserved epinephrine levels and attenuated serotonin and cortisol changes under stress versus placebo in subgroup analyses.
SupplementDEX Database · Stroke
1 reference136.SupplementDEX Database: Stroke — Preventive effects of ginseng against atherosclerosis and subsequent ischemic stroke: A randomized controlled trial (PEGASUS trial)2022
In 58 patients with severe atherosclerosis, ginseng 1000 mg twice daily for 12 months was well tolerated but did not significantly reduce ischemic stroke or TIA versus placebo.
SupplementDEX Database · Testosterone
1 reference137.SupplementDEX Database: Testosterone — Effects of Panax Ginseng C.A. Meyer saponins on male fertility1996
In 66 oligoasthenospermic men, Panax ginseng extract increased sperm count, motility, and testosterone, LH, and FSH while lowering prolactin versus baseline.
138.SupplementDEX Database: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) — REHABILITATION OF PATIENTS WITH LONG-TERM AFTEREFFECTS OF MILD COMBAT TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY2022
In 42 veterans with mild combat TBI, Korean red ginseng improved autonomic nervous system indices, urinary catecholamines, melatonin, and mood on the HAM scale.
SupplementDEX Database · Vascular dementia
1 reference139.SupplementDEX Database: Vascular dementia — A pilot randomized controlled trial of WeiNaoKang (SaiLuoTong) in treating vascular dementia2022
In 62 vascular dementia patients, WeiNaoKang (ginkgo, ginseng, saffron) for 16 weeks reduced ADAS-cog scores 4.18 points versus 1.18 with placebo.
SupplementDEX Database · Wrinkles
1 reference140.SupplementDEX Database: Wrinkles — Red ginseng root extract mixed with Torilus fructus and Corni fructus improves facial wrinkles and increases type I procollagen synthesis in human skin: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study2009
In 82 women over 40, red ginseng with Torilus and Corni fructus 3 g/day for 24 weeks reduced facial wrinkles and increased type I procollagen versus placebo.