Curcumin
Curcumin is the main bioactive in turmeric, studied for inflammation and joint outcomes. Absorption depends heavily on formulation.
Overview
What is curcumin and turmeric?
Turmeric is a spice (Curcuma longa L.) that has traditionally been used as a natural health remedy. Curcumin is a polyphenol found in turmeric root.
Curcumin, also known as diferuloylmethane, is the main curcuminoid present in turmeric. Other curcuminoids include demethoxycurcumin, bisdemethoxycurcumin and cyclocurcumin.
Turmeric contains 1-6% curcumin by weight, distributed as 60-70% diferuloylmethane curcuminoids, 20-27% demethoxycurcumin and 10-15% bisdemethoxycurcumin.
There is evidence that curcumin and turmeric can be beneficial for a wide range of health conditions including depression, indigestion and osteoarthritis.
Curcumin is used in foods including mustard as a food colouring agent due to its bright yellow colour.
Dosage
A typical dose of curcumin is around 300 mg to 2000 mg per day.
In general, curcumin dosages vary depending on the specific formulation being used.
Studies typically use dosages ranging from 0.4 to 1.5 grams per day:
- BCM-95: 0.5-1.5 g/day split into two or more doses - Meriva: 0.4 - 1.5 g/day split into two or more doses - Longvida: 0.4 - 1 g/day split into two or more doses - C3 Complex: 0.5 - 1.5 g/day split into two or more doses The absorption of curcumin is greatly increased when consumed with fat-containing foods, black pepper or taken in split doses. In its natural state, curcumin has a very short half-life and low bioavailability. Curcumin readily binds to fat, which in turn stimulates the production of bile leading to enhanced absorption.
If a patient cannot take curcumin with a meal, there is evidence that water soluble products including micellar curcumin and gamma-cyclodextrin curcumin have greater rates of absorption. These curcumin forms include Cavacurmin and NovaSOL.
Effect graph
Effect heatmap
SupplementDEX Database
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Database Snapshot
Most curcumin research is concentrated in a handful of conditions.
- Osteoarthritis accounts for 35 of 139 studies (25%).
- Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) accounts for 19 of 139 studies (14%).
- Depression accounts for 10 of 139 studies (7%).
- Sparse coverage remains for Asthma, Crohn's disease (Possibly harmful), Insulin resistance.
Dietary Sources
Top dietary sources
Food sources
Curcumin can be obtained through dietary intake of freshly grated turmeric or store-bought turmeric powder. Turmeric powders are readily available and cost effective compared to equivalent dosages of supplements, which offer more flexibility and convenience.
Freshly grated turmeric may provide similar absorption rates to turmeric powder. Both increase plasma curcuminoid levels significantly more than curcumin powder, possibly due to absorption cofactors including oils and carbohydrates. Turmeric in tea bags confers minimal absorption as the bag filters almost all the curcumin.
Sources include Fresh turmeric and Turmeric powder.
Safety
Curcumin is generally well tolerated at the studied doses of up to 2000 mg per day.
Side effects
- Abdominal pain
- Diarrhea
- Gastrointestinal discomfort
- Headache
- Skin irritation
Special populations
Pregnancy & breastfeeding
Limited evidenceCurcumin and turmeric supplementation has not been well studied in pregnant or lactating women and usage should be limited in these populations.
Children
Likely safeIn children, curcumin is likely safe at doses ranging from 45 mg to 4000 mg per day for 2 to 48 weeks. In children with IBD, curcumin is likely safe at a dose of 4000 mg per day (2 x 2000 mg/day) for 3 weeks, with an increase in gassiness being the only consistently reported side effect.
Other notes
The typical dose is around 0.5 to 4 grams per day, but higher doses of up to 8 grams per day (C3, Sabinsa) have been safely used for up to 3 months without serious adverse effects. Higher dosages have been used in studies examining cancer patients and are associated with an increased risk of mild side effects. Diagnostic Imaging (MRI): A six month course of curcumin (12.8 g/day) may have led to iron accumulation resulting in artifacts on MRI imaging for prostate cancer. Stopping curcumin supplementation for 7 days allowed for scans of satisfactory quality. See FAQ for more information.
Frequently Asked Questions
Takeaway
Curcumin is a polyphenol derived from the root of the turmeric plant and is the primary ingredient responsible for most health benefits associated with turmeric supplements.
Curcumin has been shown in high-quality studies to improve patient outcomes in a wide range of conditions including depression, joint pain, osteoarthritis and liver disease.
Whilst isolated curcumin has very poor bioavailability, combining curcumin with piperine (found in black pepper) or consuming it with a fat-containing meal can markedly increase absorption.
References
Sources137 references
SupplementDEX uses only high-quality sources to determine supplement effectiveness.
1.SupplementDEX Database: Age-related cognitive decline — Curcumin intervention for cognitive function in different types of people: A systematic review and meta-analysis2019
A meta-analysis of 6 studies including 289 patients found that curcumin treated patients did not perform better than placebo in clinical tests of cognitive impairment (MMSE), and trended towards performing worse. In older adults, curcumin supplementation significantly improved memory. [10243]
2.SupplementDEX Database: Age-related cognitive decline — Curcumin supplementation and motor-cognitive function in healthy middle-aged and older adults2018
A 3-month study of 39 healthy older adults found that curcumin supplementation did not improve cognitive or physical function as measured by endurance, mobility, fatigue, dexterity and grip strength. [10195]
3.SupplementDEX Database: Age-related cognitive decline — Memory and Brain Amyloid and Tau Effects of a Bioavailable Form of Curcumin in Non-Demented Adults: A Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled 18-Month Trial2018
An 18-month manufacturer-funded study found that curcumin (Theracurmin) improved brain health in older subjects. [10199]
4.SupplementDEX Database: Age-related cognitive decline — Curcumin and cognition: a randomised, placebo-controlled, double-blind study of community-dwelling older adults2016
In 96 community-dwelling older adults, 1500 mg/day Biocurcumax for 12 months prevented the 6-month Montreal Cognitive Assessment decline seen with placebo, with no other cognitive differences.
5.SupplementDEX Database: Age-related cognitive decline — Investigation of the effects of solid lipid curcumin on cognition and mood in a healthy older population2015
Randomized, double-blind, placebo‐controlled trial of 400 mg solid-lipid curcumin (Longvida®) in healthy older adults (60-85) assessing acute (1h,3h) and 4-week chronic effects on attention, working memory, and mood—demonstrating significant improvements in working memory, mood (fatigue, calmness, contentedness), and reduced total & LDL cholesterol.
6.SupplementDEX Database: Age-related cognitive decline — Turmeric improves post-prandial working memory in pre-diabetes independent of insulin2014
A study of older people (>60) with newly diagnosed pre-diabetes given 1,000 mg turmeric found improvements in short-term numerical memory compared to 2 g cinnamon six hours following a high glycaemic meal (119 gram white bread). Working memory performance was inversely related to insulin resistance markers. [10196]
7.SupplementDEX Database: Allergic rhinitis (Hay fever) — Effect of curcumin on nasal symptoms and airflow in patients with perennial allergic rhinitis2016
A study of 241 patients with seasonal allergy found that curcumin (500 mg/day for 2 months) improved symptoms of allergy including sneezing, runny nose and nasal congestion. Curcumin suppressed levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-4, IL-8 and TNF-alpha and increased levels of anti-inflammatory IL-10 indicating a beneficial immunomodulatory effect. [10231]
SupplementDEX Database · Depression
10 references8.SupplementDEX Database: Depression — Curcumin Reduces Depression in Obese Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: A Randomized Controlled Trial2024
A 12-month study including 227 obese adults with type 2 diabetes found that 1.5 g/day curcumin significantly reduced depression severity (-20.4%) compared to placebo (-2.63%). The curcumin group experienced higher levels of serotonin and reduced markers of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), malondialdehyde and levels of pro-inflammatory biomarkers IL-1B, IL-6 and TNF-alpha. The group taking curcumin had improved total antioxidant status, measured through increases in superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase activity. [10176]
9.SupplementDEX Database: Depression — Clinician guidelines for the treatment of psychiatric disorders with nutraceuticals and phytoceuticals: The World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry (WFSBP) and Canadian Network for Mood and Anxiety Treatments (CANMAT) Taskforce2022
WFSBP/CANMAT 2022 guidelines rated acetyl-L-carnitine as not recommended for ADHD based on Grade A evidence from meta-analyses and RCTs.
10.SupplementDEX Database: Depression — The efficacy and acceptability of curcumin for the treatment of depression or depressive symptoms: A systematic review and meta-analysis2021
A meta-analysis of 10 depression trials in 594 patients found curcumin reduced depressive symptoms (SMD −0.32) and improved response rates (OR 3.20) versus control.
11.SupplementDEX Database: Depression — Add-on Treatment with Curcumin Has Antidepressive Effects in Thai Patients with Major Depression: Results of a Randomized Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Study2018
A study including 61 patients (aged 18 to 63 yrs) with major depression found that curcumin (500 to 1500 mg/day, increasing by 250 mg/week then maintained at 1500 mg/day) may improve symptoms of major depression in those already taking a stable dose of a traditional antidepressant (fluoxetine, SSRIs, sertraline, mianserine and trazodone), and/or mood stabliser (sodium valproate or lamotrigine) for at least 8 weeks prior to the initiation of the study. Higher doses of 1500 mg/day and longer treatment durations appeared to confer greater benefits and were well-tolerated. Curcumin was more effective in men compared to women. At both dosage completion at 12 weeks and 16 weeks follow up, curcumin was more effective than placebo in improving depressive symptoms. [10177]
12.SupplementDEX Database: Depression — Efficacy of curcumin, and a saffron/curcumin combination for the treatment of major depression: A randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled study2017
A 12-week study of 123 patients with major depressive disorder found that doses of 500 and 1000 mg/day curcumin or 500 mg/day curcumin + saffron reduced anxiety and depression compared to placebo. [10178]
13.SupplementDEX Database: Depression — The Role of Curcumin Administration in Patients with Major Depressive Disorder: Mini Meta-Analysis of Clinical Trials2016
A mini meta-analysis of major depression trials found curcumin reduced depression scores (SMD −0.34), with larger effects at higher doses and longer durations.
14.SupplementDEX Database: Depression — Chronic Supplementation of Curcumin Enhances the Efficacy of Antidepressants in Major Depressive Disorder: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Pilot Study2015
A study of 108 male adults aged between 31 and 59 in China found that 2 g/day curcumin taken for 6 weeks reduced inflammatory cytokines IL-1β and tumor necrosis factor α, increased brain plasma BDNF and reduced cortisol. This presented as reductions in Hamilton Depression Rating Scale and Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale scores. [10179]
15.SupplementDEX Database: Depression — An investigation of the effects of curcumin on anxiety and depression in obese individuals: A randomized controlled trial2015
A study of 30 obese participants found that 1 g/day curcumin reduced anxiety but had no effect on depressive symptoms. [10180]
16.SupplementDEX Database: Depression — Curcumin for the treatment of major depression: a randomised, double-blind, placebo controlled study2014
A study found that curcumin improved symptoms of major depressive disorder after 8 weeks but not 4 weeks. [10181]
17.SupplementDEX Database: Depression — Efficacy and safety of curcumin in major depressive disorder: a randomized controlled trial2014
In 60 major depression patients, 1000 mg/day curcumin for 6 weeks was as effective as fluoxetine 20 mg on HAM-D17 scores, with comparable response rates across groups.
SupplementDEX Database · Hyperlipidemia
6 references18.SupplementDEX Database: Hyperlipidemia — Effects of curcumin/turmeric supplementation on lipid profile: A GRADE-assessed systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials2023
A GRADE meta-analysis of 64 lipid RCTs found curcumin/turmeric modestly lowered total cholesterol, triglycerides, and LDL and raised HDL, without changing apolipoprotein A or B.
19.SupplementDEX Database: Hyperlipidemia — Curcumin and blood lipid levels: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised clinical trials2022
An updated lipid meta-analysis reported curcumin was associated with lower LDL (−0.17), total cholesterol (−0.21), and triglycerides (−0.05) versus placebo, though several comparisons were non-significant.
20.SupplementDEX Database: Hyperlipidemia — Lipid-modifying activity of curcuminoids: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials2019
A meta-analysis of 20 RCTs in 1427 participants found curcuminoids lowered triglycerides by 21 mg/dL and raised HDL by 1.4 mg/dL, with no significant LDL or total cholesterol changes.
21.SupplementDEX Database: Hyperlipidemia — Curcumin potentiates cholesterol-lowering effects of phytosterols in hypercholesterolaemic individuals. A randomised controlled trial2018
A 4-wk study of older adults with high cholesterol found that 1 g/day curcumin did not lead to a significant decrease in total or LDL cholesterol. [10193]
22.SupplementDEX Database: Hyperlipidemia — Efficacy and safety of turmeric and curcumin in lowering blood lipid levels in patients with cardiovascular risk factors: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials2017
A review of 7 studies including 649 patients found that turmeric and curcumin significantly reduced serum LDL cholesterol but not HDL cholesterol levels. [10192]
23.SupplementDEX Database: Hyperlipidemia — A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials investigating the effects of curcumin on blood lipid levels2014
A systematic review and meta-analysis of 5 studies with 223 patients found that turmeric did not affect serum total cholesterol, LDL-C, triglycerides or HDL-C levels. [10194]
SupplementDEX Database · Indigestion
5 references24.SupplementDEX Database: Indigestion — Curcumin and proton pump inhibitors for functional dyspepsia: a randomised, double blind controlled trial2023
A study of 151 adults with diagnosed functional dyspepsia found curcumin (2 g/day) to be effective and comparably effective to omeprazole (20 mg/day) for reducing pain, nausea and gas, and improving patient satisfaction after 28 days. A combined treatment (2 g/day curcumin + 20 mg/day omeprazole) did not have synergistic benefits for dyspepsia symptoms or patient satisfaction and was comparable to individual treatments. There were no significant differences between the three groups. Benefits were greater in all groups at 56 days follow up compared to 28 days despite stopping treatment.
25.SupplementDEX Database: Indigestion — Curcuma longa Linn versus omeprazole in treatment of functional dyspepsia: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial2022
A 4-wk study of 132 patients with functional dyspepsia found that curcumin (4 x 500 mg/day) led to significantly greater reductions in pain (-16.98 ± 8.09 vs -10.53 ± 4.43; P < 0.001) and non-pain symptoms (-7.96 ± 3.41 vs -6.05 ± 3.03; P < 0.008) compared to placebo. Curcumin improved symptoms of pain, gas, bloating and nausea at a level comparable to omeprazole (1 tablet, dosage undisclosed). Curcumin trended towards greater patient quality of life after 4 weeks (EQ-5D) compared to other groups (0.12 ± 0.13 vs 0.09 ± 0.10 vs 0.07 ± 0.05; P = 0.055). [10234]
26.SupplementDEX Database: Indigestion — Effect of Curcumin on Severity of Functional Dyspepsia: a Triple Blinded Clinical Trial2021
In 75 functional dyspepsia patients, adding 500 mg/day curcumin to 40 mg/day famotidine for 1 month reduced dyspepsia severity and H. pylori positivity versus famotidine alone.
27.SupplementDEX Database: Indigestion — Efficacy of Curcuma longa in treatment of postprandial distress syndrome: An open-label randomized-controlled trial2019
In 78 adults aged 20–60 with postprandial distress syndrome, 750–1500 mg/day Curcuma longa for 4 weeks improved symptoms similarly to simethicone, but recurrence was higher with curcumin.
28.SupplementDEX Database: Indigestion — Randomized double blind study of Curcuma domestica Val. for dyspepsia1989
A 7-day study including 106 adults with dyspepsia given curcumin found that 87% of the curcumin group experienced an improvement compared to 53% in the placebo group. Both groups experienced a 50% satisfaction rate. [10237]
SupplementDEX Database · Insulin resistance
2 references29.SupplementDEX Database: Insulin resistance — Dietary Supplementation with Curcumin Reduce Circulating Levels of Glycogen Synthase Kinase-3β and Islet Amyloid Polypeptide in Adults with High Risk of Type 2 Diabetes and Alzheimer's Disease2020
A 12-week study of 29 participants with insulin resistance found that 180 mg/day Meriva curcumin reduced insulin resistance (-0.3 HOMA2-IR) compared to placebo. Researchers also observed a decrease in circulating GSK-3β and islet amyloid polypeptide, enzymes and proteins associated with progression of diabetes and Alzheimer’s disease. [10182]
30.SupplementDEX Database: Insulin resistance — Curcumin alleviates postprandial glycaemic response in healthy subjects: A cross-over, randomized controlled study2018
A study found that 180 mg Meriva reduced 1-hour postprandial glucose concentration by 60.6% and insulin levels by 26%. Fish oil did not result in a reduction in glycaemic response and slightly inhibited the effects of curcumin on postprandial glucose concentrations. [10183]
SupplementDEX Database · Itching (Pruritus)
3 references31.SupplementDEX Database: Itching (Pruritus) — Effects of turmeric on uremic pruritus in end stage renal disease patients: a double-blind randomized clinical trial2014
A study of 100 end stage renal disease patients found that turmeric was able to reduce high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (-0.8 ± 2.6 vs. 0.4 ± 8.7 mg/l, P = 0.012) and pruritus scores (13.6 ± 2.6 vs. 7.2 ± 2.6, p = 0.001) compared to placebo with no side effects. [10238]
32.SupplementDEX Database: Itching (Pruritus) — Improvement of sulphur mustard-induced chronic pruritus, quality of life and antioxidant status by curcumin: results of a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial2012
A 4-wk study of 96 Iranian veterans exposed to mustard gas found that curcumin (1 g/d for 4 weeks) reduced overall pruritus severity, VAS score (P < 0.001), pruritus score (P < 0.001) and objective scoring atopic dermatitis index (SCORAD, P = 0.009) with no changes in the placebo group. Curcumin reduced levels of substance P, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and catalase with no changes in the placebo group. [10239]
33.SupplementDEX Database: Itching (Pruritus) — A randomized controlled trial on the anti-inflammatory effects of curcumin in patients with chronic sulphur mustard-induced cutaneous complications2012
In 96 male sulfur mustard survivors with chronic pruritic skin lesions, 1 g/day curcumin for 4 weeks lowered IL-8 and hs-CRP and was associated with pruritus and quality-of-life improvements.
34.SupplementDEX Database: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) — Curcumin supplementation alleviates hepatic fat content associated with modulation of gut microbiota-dependent bile acid metabolism in patients with nonalcoholic simple fatty liver disease: a randomized controlled trial2024
A study of 80 patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease found that 500 mg/day curcumin for 24 weeks decreased liver fat (-4%), significantly increased Bacteroides abundance and improved Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes ratio, signalling improvements in gut microbiota levels. Curcumin supplementation also led to an increase in TGR5 expression which regulates the release of glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1). [10184]
35.SupplementDEX Database: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) — Does curcumin improve liver enzymes levels in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease? A systematic review, meta-analysis, and meta-regression2024
A meta-analysis of 15 NAFLD trials in 835 patients found curcumin lowered AST but not ALT, with high heterogeneity linked to dose and trial duration.
36.SupplementDEX Database: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) — Efficacy of curcumin plus piperine co-supplementation in moderate-to-high hepatic steatosis: A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial2023
A 12-week study in patients with moderate-to-high severity of fatty liver disease found 500 mg/day curcumin + 5 mg/day piperine decreased waist circumference, systolic blood pressure, total cholesterol (-22 mg/dL), LDL cholesterol, fasting blood glucose, alanine transaminase and aspartate transaminase compared to placebo. [10185]
37.SupplementDEX Database: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) — An updated meta-analysis of effects of curcumin on metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease based on available evidence from Iran and Thailand2023
An updated MAFLD meta-analysis found curcumin improved AST, ALT, hepatic steatosis resolution, fasting glucose, BMI, and total cholesterol versus control.
38.SupplementDEX Database: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) — Meta-Analysis of Exploring the Effect of Curcumin Supplementation with or without Other Advice on Biochemical and Anthropometric Parameters in Patients with Metabolic-Associated Fatty Liver Disease (MAFLD)2023
A meta-analysis of 14 MAFLD trials found curcumin with or without lifestyle advice significantly improved ALT, AST, insulin, HOMA-IR, triglycerides, total cholesterol, and waist circumference.
39.SupplementDEX Database: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) — Liver Injury Associated with Turmeric-A Growing Problem: Ten Cases from the Drug-Induced Liver Injury Network [DILIN]2023
Among 10 DILIN cases since 2011, turmeric or curcumin supplements were linked to hepatocellular liver injury after 1–4 months, strongly associated with HLA-B*35:01.
40.SupplementDEX Database: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) — The effect of curcumin on hepatic fat content in individuals with obesity2022
A 6-wk study of 36 obese participants with mild steatosis aged 32 to 60 found that Meriva curcumin did not improve hepatic fat content. However it cannot be concluded that long-term curcumin supplementation is ineffective, due to the short duration of the study. [10186]
41.SupplementDEX Database: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) — Curcumin as adjuvant treatment in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver (NAFLD) disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis2022
A meta-analysis of 16 NAFLD RCTs in 1028 participants found curcumin improved liver ultrasound findings, reduced ALT and AST, lowered total cholesterol, and reduced BMI versus control.
42.SupplementDEX Database: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) — Curcumin Offers No Additional Benefit to Lifestyle Intervention on Cardiometabolic Status in Patients with Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease2022
In 52 NAFLD patients on lifestyle modification for 12 weeks, adding 1.5 g/day curcumin did not provide additional cardiometabolic benefit beyond lifestyle alone; most atherogenesis and fatty liver indices did not differ between groups.
43.SupplementDEX Database: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) — The Effect of Curcumin Phytosome on the Treatment of Patients with Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial2021
An RCT of 80 NAFLD patients found that 250 mg/day curcumin phytosome for 2 months significantly reduced hepatic steatosis grade and AST versus placebo, though HDL and anthropometric measures did not differ between groups.
44.SupplementDEX Database: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) — Curcumin and Piperine Combination for the Treatment of Patients with Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Double-Blind Randomized Placebo-Controlled Trial2021
In 79 adults with NAFLD (ages 18–65) given dietary and exercise advice, 500 mg/day curcumin plus piperine for 2 months lowered alkaline phosphatase and NAFLD severity compared with placebo.
45.SupplementDEX Database: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) — Acute liver injury following turmeric use in Tuscany: An analysis of the Italian Phytovigilance database and systematic review of case reports2020
An Italian phytovigilance report of 7 cases plus a systematic review of 23 published cases found acute hepatitis associated with high-bioavailability, high-dose Curcuma longa supplements, with positive dechallenge in most patients.
46.SupplementDEX Database: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) — The effects of curcumin supplementation on liver enzymes, lipid profile, glucose homeostasis, and hepatic steatosis and fibrosis in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease2019
A study of 52 patients given 1.5 g curcumin per day for 12 weeks found reductions in hepatic fibrosis, serum cholesterol and glucose levels. [10188]
47.SupplementDEX Database: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) — Curcuminoids plus piperine improve nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: A clinical trial2019
A study of 70 patients with NAFLD given 5 mg piperine with 500 mg curcuminoids (Curcumin C3 Complex) found improvements in disease severity after 12 weeks. There were no changes in cholesterol or insulin levels. [10187]
48.SupplementDEX Database: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) — Does turmeric/curcumin supplementation improve serum alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase levels in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease? A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials2019
A meta-analysis of 6 RCTs in NAFLD found turmeric/curcumin supplementation reduced ALT (MD −7.31 U/L) and AST (MD −4.68 U/L), with significant effects observed only in trials lasting less than 12 weeks.
49.SupplementDEX Database: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) — Turmeric and chicory seed have beneficial effects on obesity markers and lipid profile in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)2019
In 92 NAFLD patients (ages 20–60) over 12 weeks, turmeric (3 g/day), chicory seed, or their combination improved BMI, waist circumference, HDL, and lipid ratios versus placebo.
50.SupplementDEX Database: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) — Turmeric Supplementation Improves Serum Glucose Indices and Leptin Levels in Patients with Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Diseases2017
A 12-wk study of 46 patients with NAFLD aged 20-60 years old given 3 g turmeric per day found that turmeric decreased serum levels of glucose, insulin, HOMA-IR and leptin but not weight, BMI or liver enzymes compared to the placebo group. [10189]
51.SupplementDEX Database: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) — Efficacy and Safety of Phytosomal Curcumin in Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Randomized Controlled Trial2017
An 8-week study of 87 patients with minor to severe NAFLD found that 1,000 mg/day curcumin (Meriva) reduced waist circumference and BMI compared to placebo. There was an improvement in NAFLD severity in 75% of those taking Meriva but only 4.7% in the placebo group. [10190]
52.SupplementDEX Database: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) — Treatment of Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease with Curcumin: A Randomized Placebo-controlled Trial2016
An 8-wk study of patients with NAFLD taking 70 mg/day curcumin found that curcumin led to a reduction in liver fat content (78.9% with curcumin vs 27.5% in placebo). The curcumin group experienced improvements in BMI, serum total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, triglycerides and glucose compared to placebo. [10191]
SupplementDEX Database · Oral mucositis
5 references53.SupplementDEX Database: Oral mucositis — Efficacy of curcumin for amelioration of radiotherapy-induced oral mucositis: a preliminary randomized controlled clinical trial2023
In 37 head and neck cancer patients undergoing radiotherapy, curcumin mouthwash (0.1%) or 40 mg/day nanocapsule taken 3× daily for up to 3 weeks significantly reduced oral mucositis severity and burning versus placebo.
54.SupplementDEX Database: Oral mucositis — A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Study to Evaluate the Effect of Bio-Enhanced Turmeric Formulation on Radiation-Induced Oral Mucositis2022
A 6-week study of 60 patients with oral cancer who had undergone radical surgery, assigned subjects either a bio-enhanced turmeric formulation (BCM-95: 1 g/day or 1.5 g/day) or placebo. When compared to placebo, BCM-95 was able to significantly reduce the rate of grade 3 oral mucositis, oral pain and dermatitis after 6 weeks.
55.SupplementDEX Database: Oral mucositis — Effects of nanomicelle curcumin capsules on prevention and treatment of oral mucosits in patients under chemotherapy with or without head and neck radiotherapy: a randomized clinical trial2021
In 50 patients on chemotherapy with or without head/neck radiotherapy, nanomicelle curcumin 80 mg twice daily for 7 weeks reduced oral mucositis severity and pain compared with placebo, especially in chemotherapy-only patients.
56.SupplementDEX Database: Oral mucositis — Effectiveness of curcumin mouthwash on radiation-induced oral mucositis among head and neck cancer patients: A triple-blind, pilot randomised controlled trial2020
A 6-week study including 68 head and neck cancer patients found that curcumin (0.1% mouth wash) reduced the instantaneous risk of onset of radiation-induced oral mucositis by 50% compared to 0.15% benzydamine mouthwash according to modified ITT analysis (at least 1 follow up) but per protocol analysis (study completion, n=17) found no difference between groups. The onset of RIOM was significantly delayed in the curcumin group by 2 weeks according to modified ITT analysis. Neither treatment was able to reduce the severity of or completely prevent the occurrence of oral mucositis. [10250]
57.SupplementDEX Database: Oral mucositis — The Indian Spice Turmeric Delays and Mitigates Radiation-Induced Oral Mucositis in Patients Undergoing Treatment for Head and Neck Cancer: An Investigational Study2014
A single-blinded study including 80 head and neck cancer patients undergoing 70 Gy of radiation or chemoradiotherapy per week found that turmeric gargle was more effective than povidone-iodine for delaying and reducing incidence of radiation-induced oral mucositis. The reduction and delay in oral-mucositis was significant at all time points, when measured at the end of each week for 7 weeks. Subjects taking turmeric experienced reduced weight loss and decreased rates of intolerable mucositis. [10251]
SupplementDEX Database · Osteoarthritis
35 references58.SupplementDEX Database: Osteoarthritis — Efficacy and safety of curcumin therapy for knee osteoarthritis: A Bayesian network meta-analysis2024
A Bayesian network meta-analysis of 23 RCTs (2,175 knee osteoarthritis patients) found curcumin significantly reduced pain (VAS MD −1.63) and total WOMAC score (MD −18.85) versus placebo, with fewer adverse events than NSAIDs.
59.SupplementDEX Database: Osteoarthritis — Revolutionizing Knee Osteoarthritis Treatment: Innovative Self-Nano-Emulsifying Polyethylene Glycol Organogel of Curcumin for Effective Topical Delivery2024
In a double-blind trial of a topical curcumin nano-emulsifying organogel for knee osteoarthritis over 8 weeks, pain, stiffness, and physical function improved substantially more in the curcumin group than with placebo.
61.SupplementDEX Database: Osteoarthritis — Efficacy and safety of curcuminoids alone in alleviating pain and dysfunction for knee osteoarthritis: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials2022
A meta-analysis of 15 RCTs (1,670 knee OA patients) found curcuminoids alone significantly improved VAS pain and all WOMAC subscales versus placebo and were not inferior to NSAIDs, without increased adverse events.
62.SupplementDEX Database: Osteoarthritis — Efficacy and Safety of Curcumin and Curcuma longa Extract in the Treatment of Arthritis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trial2022
A meta-analysis of 29 RCTs (2,396 participants with osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, and other arthritis types) found curcumin doses of 120–1500 mg/day for 4–36 weeks improved inflammation and pain.
64.SupplementDEX Database: Osteoarthritis — Efficacy and Safety of Turmeric Extracts for the Treatment of Knee Osteoarthritis: a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomised Controlled Trials2021
A meta-analysis of 16 RCTs (1,810 adults with knee OA, up to 16 weeks) found turmeric extracts significantly reduced pain and improved physical function versus placebo, with effects similar to NSAIDs and fewer adverse events.
65.SupplementDEX Database: Osteoarthritis — The efficacy of high- and low-dose curcumin in knee osteoarthritis: A systematic review and meta-analysis2021
A meta-analysis of 11 RCTs (1,258 knee OA patients) found curcuminoids improved VAS and WOMAC pain scores versus comparators, with no significant difference between high-dose (≥1000 mg/day) and low-dose regimens.
66.SupplementDEX Database: Osteoarthritis — Acute Effects of Turmeric Extracts on Knee Joint Pain: A Pilot, Randomized Controlled Trial2021
In a pilot RCT of 68 adults (ages 18–65) with mild/moderate knee pain over 1 week, B-Turmactive turmeric extract did not differ from placebo on WOMAC pain, though it significantly lowered high-sensitivity CRP at 1 week.
67.SupplementDEX Database: Osteoarthritis — An Investigation into the Effects of a Curcumin Extract (Curcugen®) on Osteoarthritis Pain of the Knee: A Randomised, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study2021
A manufacturer funded study found that curcumin (Curcugen) reduced participants knee pain but did not improve knee stiffness, function or quality of life. [10215]
68.SupplementDEX Database: Osteoarthritis — Prospective, Multicenter Evaluation of a Polyherbal Supplement alongside Standard-of-Care Treatment for Mild Knee Osteoarthritis2021
In 107 adults with symptomatic mild knee osteoarthritis followed ~36 weeks, adding Tregocel® (curcumin, Boswellia, harpagophytum, celery, ginger) to standard care increased 6-minute walk distance by 26 m, improved WOMAC scores, and cut regular OA medication use from 99% to 55%.
69.SupplementDEX Database: Osteoarthritis — The Efficacy and Safety of Highly-Bioavailable Curcumin for Treating Knee Osteoarthritis: A 6-Month Open-Labeled Prospective Study2020
An open-label study of 50 knee OA patients (ages 40+, Kellgren-Lawrence grade II–IV) given 180 mg/day Theracurmin for 6 months reported symptom improvement in 75.6% of patients with no major adverse events.
70.SupplementDEX Database: Osteoarthritis — Effectiveness of Curcuma longa Extract for the Treatment of Symptoms and Effusion-Synovitis of Knee Osteoarthritis : A Randomized Trial2020
A 12-week manufacturer-funded study of 70 participants with knee osteoarthritis found improvements in knee pain but not effusion-synovitis volume on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). [10217]
71.SupplementDEX Database: Osteoarthritis — The Effect of Nanocurcumin in Improvement of Knee Osteoarthritis: A Randomized Clinical Trial2020
In a 6-week double-blind RCT of 71 knee OA patients, nanocurcumin 40 mg every 12 hours significantly reduced overall WOMAC scores and pain, stiffness, and physical function subscales versus placebo.
72.SupplementDEX Database: Osteoarthritis — Fish oil supplementation reduces osteoarthritis-specific pain in older adults with overweight/obesity2020
A 16-week manufacturer-funded study of 131 osteoarthritis patients with chronic pain found that neither curcumin (160 mg /day) nor curcumin + fish oil (2 g DHA + 0.4 g EPA /day) reduced osteoarthritic pain. Fish oil alone did confer some benefit for pain. [10218]
73.SupplementDEX Database: Osteoarthritis — The effect of curcumin ointment on knee pain in older adults with osteoarthritis: a randomized placebo trial2020
In 72 older adults (60+) with knee osteoarthritis, topical 5% curcumin ointment applied twice daily for 6 weeks significantly reduced knee pain intensity versus Vaseline placebo, exceeding the minimal clinically important difference.
74.SupplementDEX Database: Osteoarthritis — ACE inhibitory peptides in standard and fermented deer velvet: an in silico and in vitro investigation2019
An in silico and in vitro study of deer velvet antler found fermentation released ACE-inhibitory peptides and increased ACE inhibitory activity, suggesting potential cardiovascular benefit unrelated to curcumin supplementation.
75.SupplementDEX Database: Osteoarthritis — Safety and efficacy of curcumin versus diclofenac in knee osteoarthritis: a randomized open-label parallel-arm study2019
An open-label study of 139 patients given 1.5 g BCM-95 or 100 mg diclofenac per day found similar benefits for pain after 28 days. Those taking curcumin also experienced reduced weight and an anti-ulcer effect. Curcumin was less likely to result in side effects (13%) vs diclofenac (38%). [10219]
76.SupplementDEX Database: Osteoarthritis — Bio-optimized Curcuma longa extract is efficient on knee osteoarthritis pain: a double-blind multicenter randomized placebo controlled three-arm study2019
A manufacturer-funded study of 150 patients with moderate knee osteoarthrtitis found that Flexofytol (187 mg/day) improved self-reported knee pain and mobility. [10220]
77.SupplementDEX Database: Osteoarthritis — Efficacy and safety of curcumin and its combination with boswellic acid in osteoarthritis: a comparative, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study2018
A study of 201 knee osteoarthritis patients (aged 40-70 years) given either CuraMed (1.5 g/day containing 1 g curcuminoids) or CuraMin (1.5 g/day containing 1050 mg curcuminoids and 450 mg boswellic acid) found that whilst curcumin alone (CuraMed) improved physical performance vs placebo, those taking CuraMin experienced a greater reduction in pain associated with osteoarthritis of the knee. [10221]
78.SupplementDEX Database: Osteoarthritis — Phytoproflex®: supplementary management of osteoarthrosis: a supplement registry2018
A 4-week registry of 56 knee OA patients found Phytoproflex (containing curcumin, boswellic acid, and valeric acid) as add-on therapy significantly reduced pain, improved fitness, and decreased rescue medication use versus standard care alone.
79.SupplementDEX Database: Osteoarthritis — A Placebo-Controlled Double-Blind Study Demonstrates the Clinical Efficacy of a Novel Herbal Formulation for Relieving Joint Discomfort in Human Subjects with Osteoarthritis of Knee2018
In a 90-day double-blind RCT of 105 knee OA patients, LI73014F2 (curcuma, boswellia, and terminalia extracts) at 200 or 400 mg/day significantly improved pain, physical function, and quality of life versus placebo.
80.SupplementDEX Database: Osteoarthritis — Curcuma longa extract reduces inflammatory and oxidative stress biomarkers in osteoarthritis of knee: a four-month, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial2016
A 4-month study of 160 patients found that 0.5 g/day curcumin was able to modestly improve knee pain and clinical outcomes. [10222]
81.SupplementDEX Database: Osteoarthritis — The efficacy and safety of a combination of glucosamine hydrochloride, chondroitin sulfate and bio-curcumin with exercise in the treatment of knee osteoarthritis: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study2016
In 53 knee OA patients receiving physical therapy for 8 weeks, CartiJoint Forte (glucosamine, chondroitin, and bio-curcumin) improved pain on motion and Lequesne Index scores versus placebo, though pain at rest did not differ between groups.
82.SupplementDEX Database: Osteoarthritis — Short-term effects of highly-bioavailable curcumin for treating knee osteoarthritis: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled prospective study2014
An 8-week manufacturer-funded study of 50 patients with knee osteoarthritis of Kellgren-Lawrence grade II or III found that 180 mg/day curcumin (Theracurmin) was able to reduce knee pain. [10224]
83.SupplementDEX Database: Osteoarthritis — Efficacy and safety of Curcuma domestica extracts compared with ibuprofen in patients with knee osteoarthritis: a multicenter study2014
In 367 primary knee OA patients (ages 50+) over 4 weeks, Curcuma domestica extract 1,500 mg/day was noninferior to ibuprofen 1,200 mg/day for WOMAC pain and function, with fewer reports of abdominal pain.
84.SupplementDEX Database: Osteoarthritis — A complex of three natural anti-inflammatory agents provides relief of osteoarthritis pain2014
An observational study of 42 patients with acute or chronic osteoarthritis pain treated with a turmeric, devil's claw, and bromelain complex (650–1,300 mg/day) reported clinically relevant VAS pain reductions at 15–60 days with good tolerance.
85.SupplementDEX Database: Osteoarthritis — Curcuminoid treatment for knee osteoarthritis: a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial2014
A 6-wk study of patients with mild-to-moderate osteoarthritis of the knee found that curcumin (1.5 g C3 Complex/day) improved pain and physical function but not knee stiffness and resulted in a reduced need for NSAIDs (-84%) when compared to placebo. [10223]
86.SupplementDEX Database: Osteoarthritis — Safety and efficacy of Curcuma longa extract in the treatment of painful knee osteoarthritis: a randomized placebo-controlled trial2013
In 120 knee OA patients over 42 days, NR-INF-02 (Curcuma longa extract) 500 mg twice daily significantly reduced pain (VAS), WOMAC scores, and rescue medication use versus placebo.
87.SupplementDEX Database: Osteoarthritis — Clinical evaluation of a formulation containing Curcuma longa and Boswellia serrata extracts in the management of knee osteoarthritis2013
In 28 osteoarthritis patients, a Curcuma longa plus Boswellia serrata formulation (500 mg twice daily) outperformed celecoxib 100 mg twice daily on symptom scores and clinical examination, with no dose-related toxicity.
88.SupplementDEX Database: Osteoarthritis — Efficacy and safety of Meriva®, a curcumin-phosphatidylcholine complex, during extended administration in osteoarthritis patients2010
An 8-month study including 100 osteoarthritis patients found that curcumin (Meriva) improved clinical markers of inflammation and improved walking performance. [10225]
89.SupplementDEX Database: Osteoarthritis — Product-evaluation registry of Meriva®, a curcumin-phosphatidylcholine complex, for the complementary management of osteoarthritis2010
A registry study of 50 osteoarthritis patients given Meriva curcumin-phosphatidylcholine (200 mg/day curcumin) for 3 months reported a 58% reduction in WOMAC score, improved treadmill walking distance, and lower CRP versus controls.
90.SupplementDEX Database: Osteoarthritis — Efficacy and safety of Curcuma domestica extracts in patients with knee osteoarthritis2009
In 107 knee OA patients over 6 weeks, Curcuma domestica extract 2 g/day was similarly effective to ibuprofen 800 mg/day for pain reduction and functional improvement, with comparable adverse event rates.
91.SupplementDEX Database: Osteoarthritis — A 32-week randomized, placebo-controlled clinical evaluation of RA-11, an Ayurvedic drug, on osteoarthritis of the knees2004
In a 32-week double-blind RCT of 90 knee OA patients, RA-11 (an Ayurvedic formulation including Curcuma longa) significantly reduced pain VAS and improved modified WOMAC scores versus placebo.
92.SupplementDEX Database: Osteoarthritis — Treatment of osteoarthritis with a herbomineral formulation: a double-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over study1991
In 42 osteoarthritis patients, herbomineral Articulin-F containing ashwagandha reduced pain and disability versus placebo over a crossover trial, without radiographic change.
60.Efficacy and Safety of a Highly Bioavailable Curcumin Formulation in Modulating Outcomes of Mild Knee Osteoarthritis: Multi-Centric, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study. See external sourceExternal source
63.The Oral Administration of Highly-Bioavailable Curcumin for One Year Has Clinical and Chondro-Protective Effects: A Randomized, Double-Blinded, Placebo-Controlled Prospective Study. See external sourceExternal source
SupplementDEX Database · Type 2 diabetes
9 references93.SupplementDEX Database: Type 2 diabetes — Comparative effectiveness of six herbs in the management of glycemic status of type 2 diabetes mellitus patients: A systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials2023
A network meta-analysis of 44 RCTs (3,130 adults with type 2 diabetes) found curcumin significantly reduced fasting blood glucose (SMD −13.15) versus placebo, though it was not among the most effective herbs for HbA1c.
94.SupplementDEX Database: Type 2 diabetes — Turmeric and curcuminiods ameliorate disorders of glycometabolism among subjects with metabolic diseases: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials2022
A meta-analysis of 17 RCTs in metabolic disease found turmeric/curcuminoids lowered fasting blood glucose by 7.86 mg/dL, HbA1c by 0.38%, and HOMA-IR by 1.01 compared with controls.
95.SupplementDEX Database: Type 2 diabetes — Effect of Curcumin on Diabetic Kidney Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trials2021
A meta-analysis of 5 double-blind RCTs (290 diabetic kidney disease patients) found curcumin improved serum creatinine, total cholesterol, systolic blood pressure, and fasting blood glucose versus placebo.
96.SupplementDEX Database: Type 2 diabetes — Efficacy and Safety of Curcumin Supplement on Improvement of Insulin Resistance in People with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials2021
A meta-analysis of 4 RCTs (453 type 2 diabetes patients) found curcumin reduced HOMA-IR and improved glycemic control and triglycerides in Asian populations, though Middle Eastern subgroup results were inconsistent.
97.SupplementDEX Database: Type 2 diabetes — Potential Therapeutic Effects of Curcumin on Glycemic and Lipid Profile in Uncomplicated Type 2 Diabetes-A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trial2021
A meta-analysis in uncomplicated type 2 diabetes found curcumin significantly reduced HbA1c, HOMA-IR, and LDL cholesterol versus control, though fasting glucose itself did not reach statistical significance.
98.SupplementDEX Database: Type 2 diabetes — The Effects of Nano-curcumin on Metabolic Status in Patients With Diabetes on Hemodialysis, a Randomized, Double Blind, Placebo-controlled Trial2020
In 60 diabetic patients on hemodialysis, 80 mg/day nano-curcumin for 12 weeks significantly lowered fasting glucose, insulin, lipids, hs-CRP, and oxidative stress markers versus placebo.
99.SupplementDEX Database: Type 2 diabetes — Effects of Curcuminoids Plus Piperine on Glycemic, Hepatic and Inflammatory Biomarkers in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Randomized Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Trial2018
A 3-month study including 100 type 2 diabetics (18-65 yrs) found 500 mg/day curcumin + 5 mg/day piperine significantly reduced serum levels of glucose (-9±16 mg/dL vs. -3±11 mg/dL), C-peptide (-0.6±0.8 ng/mL vs. 0.02±0.6 ng/mL) and HbA1c (0.9±1.1% vs. -0.2±0.5%) vs. placebo. There was also a reduction in serum alanine aminotransferase (-2±6 vs. -1±5) and aspartate aminotransferase (-3±5 vs. -0.3±4). No significant differences were observed in hs-CRP concentrations in T2D patients. [10240]
100.SupplementDEX Database: Type 2 diabetes — The effect of nano-curcumin on HbA1c, fasting blood glucose, and lipid profile in diabetic subjects: a randomized clinical trial2016
In 70 type 2 diabetes patients (ages 18–65), 80 mg/day nano-curcumin for 3 months significantly reduced HbA1c, fasting blood glucose, triglycerides, LDL cholesterol, and BMI versus placebo.
101.SupplementDEX Database: Type 2 diabetes — Curcuminoids exert glucose-lowering effect in type 2 diabetes by decreasing serum free fatty acids: a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial2012
A 3-month study of 100 type 2 diabetics found that curcuminoids (300 mg/day) significantly decreased fasting blood glucose, HbA1c and insulin resistance index compared to placebo. The curcuminoids group also experienced an increase in lipoprotein lipase activity and a significant decrease in serum total free fatty acids and triglycerides. [10242]
SupplementDEX Database · Obesity
3 references102.SupplementDEX Database: Obesity — The effect of curcumin supplementation on weight loss and anthropometric indices: an umbrella review and updated meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials2023
An umbrella review and updated meta-analysis of 50 RCTs found curcumin significantly reduced BMI (−0.24 kg/m²), body weight (−0.59 kg), and waist circumference (−1.32 cm), with greater effects from bioavailability-enhanced formulas.
103.SupplementDEX Database: Obesity — Effects of curcumin/turmeric supplementation on obesity indices and adipokines in adults: A grade-assessed systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials2023
A meta-analysis of 60 RCTs (3,691 adults) found curcumin/turmeric significantly reduced body weight, BMI, waist circumference, body fat, and leptin while increasing adiponectin, though heterogeneity was high.
104.SupplementDEX Database: Obesity — The effects of curcumin supplementation on body weight, body mass index and waist circumference: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials2020
Systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis (n=876) of randomized controlled trials reporting significant reductions in body weight, BMI, and waist circumference with curcumin supplementation. Curcumin reduced waist circumference only in studies of a minimum 8 weeks duration using dosages of greater than or equal to 1,000 mg/day involving overweight subjects.
SupplementDEX Database · Alzheimer's disease
2 references105.SupplementDEX Database: Alzheimer's disease — Oral curcumin for Alzheimer's disease: tolerability and efficacy in a 24-week randomized, double blind, placebo-controlled study2012
A study of 36 patients with mild-to-moderate Alzheimer’s disease given 4 g/day curcumin C3 complex or placebo found no clinical benefits after both 24 weeks and 48 weeks. Those given 2 g/day curcumin also did not experience any benefit. Curcumin did not decrease amyloid-beta levels in the cerebrospinal fluid. [10244]
106.SupplementDEX Database: Alzheimer's disease — Six-month randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, pilot clinical trial of curcumin in patients with Alzheimer disease2008
A 6-month study including 27 Chinese Alzheimer’s disease patients found that 1 g/day curcumin (n=8) and 4 g/day curcumin (n=11) did not significantly improve markers of brain function compared to placebo. The 4 g/day dose trended towards reduced side effects and was associated with increased plasma AB40 levels. Most changes in plasma AB40 occurred after 1 month of supplementation. [10245]
SupplementDEX Database · Muscle soreness
5 references107.SupplementDEX Database: Muscle soreness — Meta-analysis of the effect of curcumin supplementation on skeletal muscle damage status2024
A meta-analysis of 14 exercise trials in 349 subjects found curcumin reduced muscle soreness, creatine kinase, and IL-6 and improved range of motion after muscle-damaging exercise.
108.SupplementDEX Database: Muscle soreness — Fast pain relief in exercise-induced acute musculoskeletal pain by turmeric-boswellia formulation: A randomized placebo-controlled double-blinded multicentre study2022
In 232 adults with moderate-to-severe exercise-induced musculoskeletal pain, a single 1000 mg turmeric–boswellia dose produced meaningful pain relief within ~3 hours, with 97.85% cumulative responder improvement versus 2.46% on placebo.
109.SupplementDEX Database: Muscle soreness — Curcumin and Piperine Supplementation and Recovery Following Exercise Induced Muscle Damage: A Randomized Controlled Trial2017
A study found that 6 g/day curcumin ameliorated reductions in baseline sprint mean power output after 24 hours. There were no benefits found for muscle soreness. [10246]
110.SupplementDEX Database: Muscle soreness — Reduced inflammatory and muscle damage biomarkers following oral supplementation with bioavailable curcumin2016
A study including 28 subjects found that 400 mg/day Longvida curcumin significantly reduced expected increases in exercise-induced muscle damage markers creatine kinase (-48%), TNF-α (-25%) and IL-8 (-21%) levels but not IL-6, IL-10 compared to placebo. There were no benefits for muscle soreness.
111.SupplementDEX Database: Muscle soreness — Curcumin supplementation likely attenuates delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS)2015
A study including 17 men found that 5 g/day curcumin led to a 15% improvement in single-leg jump performance and reductions in pain associated with delayed onset muscle soreness from squat and gluteal stretch exercises (at +24h and +48h) compared to placebo. Curcumin significantly increased levels of IL-6 (31% +- %90CI 29%) at 0-h and 48-h (32% +- 29%) compared to baseline but decreased levels at 24-h (-20% +- 18%) compared to post-exercise, with no changes in TNF-alpha concentrations. [10248]
SupplementDEX Database · Rheumatoid arthritis
7 references112.SupplementDEX Database: Rheumatoid arthritis — The efficacy of curcumin supplementation on serum total antioxidant capacity, malondialdehyde, and disease activity in women with rheumatoid arthritis: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial2024
An 8-wk study of 44 women with active rheumatoid arthritis found that 500 mg/day curcumin significantly reduced joint pain (-45 points on a Visual Analogue Scale of 0 to 100) when compared to placebo (-3.6 points). Curcumin reduced tender joint counts, swollen joint counts and disease activity score compared to placebo after 8 weeks (p < 0.001). [10226]
113.SupplementDEX Database: Rheumatoid arthritis — Efficacy and safety of dietary polyphenols in rheumatoid arthritis: A systematic review and meta-analysis of 47 randomized controlled trials2023
A meta-analysis of 47 RCTs (3,852 rheumatoid arthritis patients) found dietary polyphenols—including curcumin—improved DAS28, CRP, ESR, and oxidative stress markers without increasing adverse events.
114.SupplementDEX Database: Rheumatoid arthritis — Effect of curcumin on rheumatoid arthritis: a systematic review and meta-analysis2023
A meta-analysis of 6 RCTs (539 rheumatoid arthritis patients) found curcumin significantly reduced ESR, DAS28, swollen joint count, and tender joint count compared with controls.
115.SupplementDEX Database: Rheumatoid arthritis — Efficacy and safety of curcumin in maintaining remission during disease-modifying antirheumatic drug withdrawal in rheumatoid arthritis at 52 weeks: a phase III double-blind, randomized placebo-controlled trial2023
A study of 185 participants tapering off antirheumatic medication (~-25% per month) given 1 g/day curcumin + 5 mg piperine or placebo (twice per day) found no difference in remission rate after one year. [10227]
116.SupplementDEX Database: Rheumatoid arthritis — A Novel Highly Bioavailable Curcumin Formulation Improves Symptoms and Diagnostic Indicators in Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Two-Dose, Three-Arm, and Parallel-Group Study2017
A 90-day study including 24 rheumatoid arthritis patients found that curcumin (500 – 1000 mg/day) improved C-reactive protein levels, visual analog scale, rheumatoid factor values, Disease Activity Score 28, American College of Rheumatology response and erythrocyte sedimentation rate compared to placebo. Curcumin supplementation at a dose as low as 250 mg twice/day led to significant analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects without adverse effects after 90 days. [10228]
117.SupplementDEX Database: Rheumatoid arthritis — A randomized, pilot study to assess the efficacy and safety of curcumin in patients with active rheumatoid arthritis2012
A non-placebo controlled study of 38 patients assigned patients to either curcumin-only (500 mg), diclofenac sodium-only (50 mg) or curcumin (500 mg) + diclofenac sodium (50 mg). Curcumin was the most effective for: - Disease Activity Score (DAS) 28: Curcumin (-44.5%); Diclofenac Sodium (-42.1%); C+D (-44.4%) - Visual Analog Scale (VAS): Curcumin (-59.9%); Diclofenac Sodium (-49.94%); C+D (-55.62%) - C-reactive protein (CRP): Curcumin (-52%); Non Significant Diclofenac Sodium (+1.5%) & C+D (-26.9%) - % Reduction in tender and swollen joints (American College of Rheumatology Response Rate – where ACR20 = % of patients with 20% reduction in number of tender and swollen joints): Curcumin ACR20 (93%), ACR50 (73%) and ACR 70 (33%) Curcumin (500 mg) was more effective than diclofenac (50 mg) for improving Disease Activity Score (DAS) 28, Visual Analogue Scale & American College of Rheumatology (ACR) scores. A combination of curcumin and diclofenac was less effective than curcumin alone, even when using the same curcumin dose. [10229]
118.SupplementDEX Database: Rheumatoid arthritis — Preliminary study on antirheumatic activity of curcumin (diferuloyl methane)1980
A preliminary 1980 study evaluated antirheumatic activity of curcumin (diferuloyl methane), but the available abstract provides no details on design, sample size, dose, or outcomes.
SupplementDEX Database · Ulcerative colitis
8 references119.SupplementDEX Database: Ulcerative colitis — Effects of Mediterranean Diet, Curcumin, and Resveratrol on Mild-to-Moderate Active Ulcerative Colitis: A Multicenter Randomized Clinical Trial2024
In adults with mild-to-moderate ulcerative colitis on a Mediterranean diet for 8 weeks, adding 1,600 mg/day curcumin reduced disease activity and inflammation compared with baseline, though between-group comparisons with resveratrol were not clearly reported.
120.SupplementDEX Database: Ulcerative colitis — Efficacy and safety of adjuvant curcumin therapy in ulcerative colitis: A systematic review and meta-analysis2022
A meta-analysis of 6 RCTs (385 ulcerative colitis patients) found adjuvant curcumin doubled clinical remission rates (RR 2.10) versus control, without significant effects on endoscopic remission and with no severe adverse events.
121.SupplementDEX Database: Ulcerative colitis — The efficacy of curcuminoids in improvement of ulcerative colitis symptoms and patients' self-reported well-being: A randomized double-blind controlled trial2018
A 4-week study including 56 patients found that mesalamine + curcumin (3 g/day mesalamine + 240 mg Theracurmin) led to reduced urgency of defecation, improved patient quality of life and a significant reduction in average Simple Clinical Colitis Activity Index (1.71 ± 1.84 vs 2.68 ± 2.09, p = 0.050) compared to mesalamine + placebo. [10210]
122.SupplementDEX Database: Ulcerative colitis — Oral Adjuvant Curcumin Therapy for Attaining Clinical Remission in Ulcerative Colitis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials2018
A meta-analysis of 3 studies found that curcumin did not outperform placebo in attaining remission in ulcerative colitis patients. [10209]
123.SupplementDEX Database: Ulcerative colitis — Low dose oral curcumin is not effective in induction of remission in mild to moderate ulcerative colitis: Results from a randomized double blind placebo controlled trial2017
An 8-week study found that a low dose of curcumin (450 mg/day) + mesalamine (2.4 g/day) did not induce remission in mild-to-moderate cases of ulcerative colitis compared to placebo + mesalamine. [10211]
124.SupplementDEX Database: Ulcerative colitis — Curcumin in Combination With Mesalamine Induces Remission in Patients With Mild-to-Moderate Ulcerative Colitis in a Randomized Controlled Trial2015
A 1-month study of 50 patients with mild-to-moderate ulcerative colitis that was unresponsive to mesalamine alone found that curcumin (3 g/day) + mesalamine significantly led to higher rates of remission vs. placebo + mesalamine (53.8% curcumin vs. 0% placebo). A clinically significant response (reduction of >= 3 pts in SCCAI) was achieved in 65.3% of the curcumin group compared to 12.5% in placebo. Endoscopic remission (partial Mayo score <=1) was observed in 38% of patients taking curcumin compared with none in the placebo group. Adverse effects were rare and similar between the two groups. [10212]
125.SupplementDEX Database: Ulcerative colitis — Induction with NCB-02 (curcumin) enema for mild-to-moderate distal ulcerative colitis - a randomized, placebo-controlled, pilot study2014
In 45 patients with mild-to-moderate distal ulcerative colitis, curcumin enema plus oral 5-ASA showed 56.5% response versus 36.4% with placebo enema; per-protocol analysis found significantly higher remission and endoscopic improvement with curcumin.
126.SupplementDEX Database: Ulcerative colitis — Curcumin maintenance therapy for ulcerative colitis: randomized, multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial2006
A study of 89 patients with quiescent ulcerative colitis found that 2 g/day curcumin + sulfasalazine + mesalamine led to improved outcomes (4.65% recurrence) compared to placebo + sulfasalazine + mesalamine (20.51%) after 6 months. Curcumin may help to prevent relapse of ulcerative colitis when taken 1 g after breakfast and 1 g after evening meal for six months. [10213]
SupplementDEX Database · Asthma
2 references127.SupplementDEX Database: Asthma — Curcuma longa L. ameliorates asthma control in children and adolescents: A randomized, double-blind, controlled trial2019
A study found that curcumin did not reduce symptoms of asthma compared to placebo, however it did lead to less frequent nighttime awakenings, less frequent use of short-acting β-adrenergic agonist inhalers and improved disease control after 3 and 6 months. [10230]
128.SupplementDEX Database: Asthma — Evaluation of Efficacy of Curcumin as an Add-on therapy in Patients of Bronchial Asthma2014
In 60 bronchial asthma patients, 500 mg twice-daily curcumin for 30 days as add-on therapy improved FEV1 and reduced inflammatory markers versus standard care alone.
Colorectal cancer
1 reference129.Phase IIa clinical trial of curcumin for the prevention of colorectal neoplasia. See external sourceExternal source
SupplementDEX Database · Crohn's disease
2 references130.SupplementDEX Database: Crohn's disease — Oral Curcumin No More Effective Than Placebo in Preventing Recurrence of Crohn's Disease After Surgery in a Randomized Controlled Trial2020
A study of 62 patients undergoing bowel resection found curcumin (3 g/day) did not prevent recurrence of Crohn's disease after 6 months. Patients were also taking azathioprine (2.5 mg/kg). A significantly higher proportion of patients receiving curcumin (55%) had a severe recurrence (Rutgeerts ≥ i3) of Crohn's disease compared to placebo (26%).
131.SupplementDEX Database: Crohn's disease — Curcumin therapy in inflammatory bowel disease: a pilot study2005
An open-label pilot in 10 ulcerative proctitis and 5 Crohn's disease patients found curcumin improved symptoms in all proctitis cases and 4 of 5 Crohn's cases over an unspecified duration.
SupplementDEX Database · Dry eye disease
1 reference132.SupplementDEX Database: Dry eye disease — A novel multi-ingredient supplement significantly improves ocular symptom severity and tear production in patients with dry eye disease: results from a randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial2024
An 8-week manufacturer-funded study of 116 patients with dry eye disease found that a combination of 20 mg lutein, 4 mg zeaxanthin, 200 mg curcuminoids and 600 IU vitamin D3 led to improvements in Ocular Surface Disease Index by day 14 (P < 0.05), which was maintained after 56 days (P < 0.001). The treatment group experienced improvements in tear film break-up time (P < 0.001), tear film osmolarity (P < 0.001), corneal and conjunctival staining (P < 0.001) and inflammation (P < 0.001) after 56 days. There was no difference between groups for artificial tear usage. [10200]
Myeloma
2 references133.Long-term stabilisation of myeloma with curcumin. See external sourceExternal source
134.Curcumin Downregulates NF-kB and Related Genes in Patients with Multiple Myeloma: Results of a Phase I/II Study. See external sourceExternal source
SupplementDEX Database · Pancreatic cancer
1 reference135.SupplementDEX Database: Pancreatic cancer — Phase II trial of curcumin in patients with advanced pancreatic cancer2008
A study of 21 advanced pancreatic cancer patients found 8 g/day curcumin, whilst poorly absorbed (detected clinical biological activity in 2 patients), resulted in a brief tumor regression (73%) and an increase in serum cytokine levels of IL-6, IL-8, IL-10 and IL-1 receptor antagonists in 1 patient.
SupplementDEX Database · Prostate cancer
1 reference136.SupplementDEX Database: Prostate cancer — Multicenter randomized phase II study comparing docetaxel plus curcumin versus docetaxel plus placebo in first-line treatment of metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer2021
A 6-month study of 44 men with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer receiving chemotherapy and glucocorticoids found that high dose curcumin (6 g/day) did not improve survival, cancer progression or quality of life compared to placebo. [10207]
SupplementDEX Database · Uveitis
1 reference137.SupplementDEX Database: Uveitis — Management of chronic anterior uveitis relapses: efficacy of oral phospholipidic curcumin treatment. Long-term follow-up2010
A non-placebo-controlled study including 106 uveitis patients found that a curcumin-phosphatidylcholine complex (Norflo containing 1200 mg/day Meriva curcumin) was able to reduce symptoms of recurrent anterior uveitis (RAU) including discomfort, pain, blurring and eye redness in 42% of patients after 4-6 weeks. [10201]