Cassia Cinnamon

A meta-analysis of RCTs in type 2 diabetes found cinnamon supplementation reduced fasting glucose, HbA1c, and insulin resistance markers over 30–120 days.

A 12-week double-blind RCT in type 2 diabetes patients found 1,200 mg/day berberine plus 600 mg/day cinnamon lowered fasting glucose, HbA1c, and LDL-C versus placebo.

An updated meta-analysis of 24 T2DM RCTs found cinnamon lowered fasting glucose, HbA1c, and HOMA-IR vs control; insulin levels did not change significantly.

A systematic review of cinnamon RCTs in T2DM concluded supplementation improves glycemic and some lipid measures, though active components and mechanisms remain unclear.

A 12-week phase 2 RCT in newly diagnosed T2DM found low- and high-dose cinnamon-containing NW Low-Glu capsules reduced HbA1c similarly to metformin.

A meta-analysis of cassia cinnamon trials using 1–2 g/day ground bark for 90 days found modest improvements in fasting glucose and some lipids in type 2 diabetes.

A meta-analysis of 10 RCTs (543 patients) found cinnamon doses of 120 mg to 6 g/day for 4–18 weeks lowered fasting glucose, total cholesterol, LDL, and triglycerides and raised HDL, but did not significantly change HbA1c.

In 66 Chinese adults with type 2 diabetes on gliclazide, 120 or 360 mg/day cinnamon extract for 3 months significantly reduced fasting glucose and HbA1c versus placebo; triglycerides fell in the low-dose group.

A meta-analysis of 6 trials (435 patients) found cinnamon 1–6 g/day for 40 days to 4 months significantly reduced mean HbA1c by 0.09% and fasting glucose by 0.84 mmol/L in type 2 diabetes.

A Cochrane review of 10 RCTs (577 participants) found 2 g/day cinnamon for 4–16 weeks did not significantly improve fasting glucose, HbA1c, insulin, or postprandial glucose in type 1 or type 2 diabetes.

In 59 adults with type 2 diabetes, 1,200 mg/day cinnamon for 12 weeks did not produce a treatment-associated systolic blood pressure reduction after adjusting for baseline blood pressure.

In 58 poorly controlled UK type 2 diabetes patients, 2 g/day cinnamon for 12 weeks significantly reduced HbA1c, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, fasting glucose, waist circumference, and BMI versus placebo.

A randomized trial of 109 type 2 diabetes patients found 1 g/day cinnamon for 90 days lowered HbA1c by 0.83% versus 0.37% with usual care alone in patients with baseline HbA1c above 7%.

A meta-analysis of 5 RCTs (282 participants) found cinnamon did not significantly change A1C, fasting glucose, or lipid parameters in patients with type 1 or type 2 diabetes.

A randomized controlled trial reported that cinnamon supplementation reduced serum glucose and triglycerides in non–insulin-dependent type 2 diabetes, though published abstract details were limited.

In 72 adolescents with type 1 diabetes, 1 g/day cinnamon for 90 days did not improve final A1C, A1C change, daily insulin use, or hypoglycemic episodes versus placebo.

In 25 postmenopausal women with type 2 diabetes, 1.5 g/day cinnamon for 6 weeks did not improve insulin sensitivity, oral glucose tolerance, or fasting lipids versus placebo.

In 60 type 2 diabetes patients, 1.5 g/day cinnamon cassia powder for 12 weeks did not significantly reduce fasting glucose, HbA1c, or lipids versus placebo, though SGOT improved in the cinnamon group.

In 79 type 2 diabetes patients, aqueous cinnamon extract equivalent to 3 g/day for 4 months significantly reduced fasting glucose by 10.3% versus 3.4% with placebo; HbA1c and lipids did not differ between groups.

In 60 adults with type 2 diabetes, 1, 3, or 6 g/day cinnamon for 40 days reduced fasting glucose (18–29%), triglycerides (23–30%), LDL (7–27%), and total cholesterol (12–26%) versus placebo.

A 2024 meta-analysis found cinnamon significantly reduced triglycerides overall and at doses under 500 mg/day, but overall effects on LDL, HDL, and total cholesterol were not significant.

A meta-analysis of 12 studies (773 subjects) found cinnamon significantly reduced total cholesterol, triglycerides, and LDL in metabolic syndrome, with greater HDL increases at doses ≥1.5 g/day.

A meta-analysis of 16 trials (1,025 type 2 diabetes patients) found cinnamon significantly lowered triglycerides, total cholesterol, and LDL but did not change HDL.

A meta-analysis of 13 RCTs (750 participants) found cinnamon significantly reduced triglycerides and total cholesterol but had no significant effect on LDL or HDL.

An umbrella review found cinnamon may lower systolic blood pressure by 2.36 mmHg and diastolic blood pressure by 1.65 mmHg and improve total antioxidant capacity and IL-6, with limited evidence on other inflammatory markers.

A meta-analysis of 8 RCTs (582 adults) found cinnamon did not change systolic blood pressure overall but significantly reduced diastolic blood pressure; longer trials ≥8 weeks showed greater systolic reductions.

A meta-analysis of 9 RCTs (641 participants) found cinnamon significantly reduced systolic blood pressure by 5.17 mmHg and diastolic blood pressure by 3.36 mmHg, with stronger effects at ≤2 g/day for more than 8 weeks.

A meta-analysis of 9 trials (641 adults) found cinnamon significantly reduced systolic blood pressure by 6.23 mmHg and diastolic blood pressure by 3.93 mmHg, with greater systolic effects at ≤2 g/day and ≥12 weeks.

Network meta-analysis of 47 oral submucous fibrosis trials in 2393 patients ranked aloe vera second for reducing burning sensation, though overall RCT quality was low.

A meta-analysis of 5 RCTs found cinnamon significantly reduced HOMA-IR in women with PCOS (SMD −0.84), suggesting improved insulin resistance markers.

An umbrella meta-analysis of 11 reviews found cinnamon modestly improved total, LDL, and HDL cholesterol but not triglycerides, MDA, or CRP.

A meta-analysis of 23 poor-quality cinnamon trials (1,070 subjects) found no significant effects on LDL or HDL cholesterol vs control.