Nattokinase
Nattokinase is a fermented-soy enzyme studied for cardiovascular and clot-related markers. Bleeding risk is a concern.
Overview
What is Nattokinase?
Nattokinase is an enzyme found in natto that exhibits fibrinolytic and cardioprotective activity.
Dosage
A typical dose of nattokinase is 100 mg or 2,000 fibrinolytic units (FU). Natto as food has been found to have anti-clotting effects at a dose of 12 g/day for 2 weeks.
Effect graph
Effect heatmap
SupplementDEX Database
51 conditions for , and rated at least stars. All purchase bands. No minimum star filter.
Database Snapshot
Most nattokinase research is concentrated in a handful of conditions.
- Hyperlipidemia accounts for 39 of 248 studies (16%).
- Menopause accounts for 38 of 248 studies (15%).
- Breast cancer accounts for 18 of 248 studies (7%).
- Sparse coverage remains for Asthma, Cardiovascular health, Colorectal cancer.
Dietary Sources
Top dietary sources
Food sources
The primary source of dietary nattokinase is natto, a traditional Japanese food made by fermenting soybeans.
Sources include Natto.
Safety
Doses of up to 552 mg per day for up to 4 weeks have been safely used. In some adults with chronic health issues, nattokinase may cause a rare side effect of bleeding. The risk of allergic reactions from nattokinase is low, and comparable to the risk associated with soy products.
Frequently Asked Questions
References
Sources237 references
SupplementDEX uses only high-quality sources to determine supplement effectiveness.
SupplementDEX Database · Breast cancer
18 references1.SupplementDEX Database: Breast cancer — Soy Isoflavones and Breast Cancer Risk: A Meta-analysis2022
A meta-analysis found higher soy isoflavone intake associated with lower breast cancer risk, with effects varying by menopausal status and study design.
2.SupplementDEX Database: Breast cancer — Dietary isoflavone intake and all-cause mortality in breast cancer survivors: The Breast Cancer Family Registry2017
In 6235 breast cancer survivors, higher dietary isoflavone intake was associated with lower all-cause mortality, especially in women with ER-negative tumors.
3.SupplementDEX Database: Breast cancer — Double-Blind Randomized 12-Month Soy Intervention Had No Effects on Breast MRI Fibroglandular Tissue Density or Mammographic Density2015
A 12-month double-blind RCT in 66 treated breast cancer patients and 29 high-risk women found daily soy (50 mg isoflavones) did not change breast MRI density or mammographic density.
4.SupplementDEX Database: Breast cancer — Dietary isoflavone intake is not statistically significantly associated with breast cancer risk in the Multiethnic Cohort2014
In 84,450 women from the Multiethnic Cohort, dietary isoflavone intake was not statistically significantly associated with breast cancer risk.
5.SupplementDEX Database: Breast cancer — Association between soy isoflavone intake and breast cancer risk for pre- and post-menopausal women: a meta-analysis of epidemiological studies2014
A meta-analysis of 35 studies found soy isoflavone intake associated with lower breast cancer risk in both pre- and postmenopausal women, with stronger effects in Asian populations.
6.SupplementDEX Database: Breast cancer — Post-diagnosis soy food intake and breast cancer survival: a meta-analysis of cohort studies2013
A meta-analysis of 5 cohorts (11,206 breast cancer patients) found higher post-diagnosis soy intake associated with lower all-cause mortality but not breast cancer-specific mortality.
7.SupplementDEX Database: Breast cancer — Soy food intake after diagnosis of breast cancer and survival: an in-depth analysis of combined evidence from cohort studies of US and Chinese women2012
In 9514 US and Chinese breast cancer survivors, higher post-diagnosis soy food intake was associated with lower recurrence and mortality.
8.SupplementDEX Database: Breast cancer — A prospective study of vegetarianism and isoflavone intake in relation to breast cancer risk in British women2008
In 37,643 British EPIC women, vegetarianism and isoflavone intake were not clearly associated with lower breast cancer risk.
9.SupplementDEX Database: Breast cancer — Soyfood intake in the prevention of breast cancer risk in women: a meta-analysis of observational epidemiological studies2006
A meta-analysis of observational studies found higher soyfood or isoflavone intake associated with modestly lower breast cancer risk in women.
10.SupplementDEX Database: Breast cancer — A pilot clinical study of short-term isoflavone supplements in breast cancer patients2004
A pilot trial in 17 newly diagnosed breast cancer patients found short-term isoflavone supplements did not accelerate tumor proliferation markers before surgery.
11.SupplementDEX Database: Breast cancer — Dietary phytoestrogens and breast cancer risk2004
In 15,555 Dutch EPIC women (ages 49–70), higher phytoestrogen intake was not clearly associated with lower breast cancer risk.
12.SupplementDEX Database: Breast cancer — Phyto-oestrogen intake and breast cancer risk in South Asian women in England: findings from a population-based case-control study2004
A UK case-control study in South Asian women found phyto-oestrogen intake from pulses and vegetables was not clearly linked to breast cancer risk.
13.SupplementDEX Database: Breast cancer — Soy, isoflavones, and breast cancer risk in Japan2003
In 21,852 Japanese women from the JPHC study, higher isoflavone consumption was associated with lower breast cancer risk, especially in postmenopausal women.
14.SupplementDEX Database: Breast cancer — Soyfood intake during adolescence and subsequent risk of breast cancer among Chinese women2001
A Chinese case-control study found higher adolescent soyfood intake associated with lower premenopausal breast cancer risk later in life.
15.SupplementDEX Database: Breast cancer — Effects of soy foods on ovarian function in premenopausal women2000
A 7-month soy intervention in 20 premenopausal women (32 mg/day isoflavones) altered menstrual cycle length but did not clearly suppress ovarian estrogen production.
16.SupplementDEX Database: Breast cancer — Tofu and risk of breast cancer in Asian-Americans1996
An Asian-American case-control study found tofu intake was not clearly associated with breast cancer risk after migration-related dietary changes.
17.SupplementDEX Database: Breast cancer — Migration patterns and breast cancer risk in Asian-American women1993
A case-control study found breast cancer risk rose across generations in Asian-American women migrating to the US, consistent with westernization of diet and lifestyle.
18.SupplementDEX Database: Breast cancer — Dietary effects on breast-cancer risk in Singapore1991
A Singapore case-control study of 200 breast cancer cases found high animal protein and red meat intake linked to higher premenopausal breast cancer risk.
SupplementDEX Database · Cardiovascular health
2 references19.SupplementDEX Database: Cardiovascular health — Nattokinase decreases plasma levels of fibrinogen, factor VII, and factor VIII in human subjects2009
An open-label trial found nattokinase reduced plasma fibrinogen, factor VII, and factor VIII in healthy adults and cardiovascular risk-factor patients over 2 months.
20.SupplementDEX Database: Cardiovascular health — Enhancement of the fibrinolytic activity in plasma by oral administration of nattokinase1990
Oral nattokinase or natto produced mild, repeated increases in plasma fibrinolytic activity in humans and lysed experimentally induced thrombi in dogs.
SupplementDEX Database · Chronic kidney disease
6 references21.SupplementDEX Database: Chronic kidney disease — The effects of soy protein on chronic kidney disease: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials2014
A meta-analysis of RCTs found soy protein intake modestly improved renal function markers in pre-dialysis chronic kidney disease versus animal protein.
22.SupplementDEX Database: Chronic kidney disease — Comparison of a vegetable-based (soya) and an animal-based low-protein diet in predialysis chronic renal failure patients1998
A crossover RCT in 15 CRF patients (GFR 15–50) found soy-based versus animal low-protein diets produced similar effects on renal function over 1 year.
23.SupplementDEX Database: Chronic kidney disease — Effects of soy protein on renal function and proteinuria in patients with type 2 diabetes1998
Evidence from controlled trials suggested soy protein may reduce proteinuria and improve lipids in type 2 diabetic nephropathy versus higher animal protein intake.
24.SupplementDEX Database: Chronic kidney disease — Treatment of proteinuric patients with a vegetarian soy diet and fish oil1993
A crossover RCT in nephrotic patients found a vegetarian soy diet with or without fish oil reduced hyperlipidemia and proteinuria versus baseline free diet.
25.SupplementDEX Database: Chronic kidney disease — Effect of dietary manipulation on the lipid abnormalities and urinary protein loss in nephrotic patients1992
Crossover trials in membranous nephropathy found low-protein diets did not significantly reduce urinary protein loss over 3 months despite lipid improvements.
26.SupplementDEX Database: Chronic kidney disease — Effect of vegetarian soy diet on hyperlipidaemia in nephrotic syndrome1992
An 8-week dietary trial in 20 nephrotic patients found a vegetarian soy diet lowered hyperlipidemia compared with usual diet.
SupplementDEX Database · Diabetes
8 references27.SupplementDEX Database: Diabetes — Dietary Soy Consumption and Cardiovascular Mortality among Chinese People with Type 2 Diabetes2021
In 26,139 Chinese adults with type 2 diabetes, higher soy consumption was associated with lower cardiovascular mortality.
28.SupplementDEX Database: Diabetes — Effects of Soy Isoflavones on Glycemic Control and Lipid Profile in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials2021
A meta-analysis of soy isoflavone RCTs in type 2 diabetes found significant reductions in total cholesterol (-0.21 mmol/L) and LDL-C (-0.20 mmol/L) but no effect on fasting glucose or HbA1c.
29.SupplementDEX Database: Diabetes — Legume and soy intake and risk of type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies2020
A meta-analysis of 565,810 adults found tofu (RR 0.92), soy protein (RR 0.84), and soy isoflavones (RR 0.88) inversely associated with type 2 diabetes risk.
30.SupplementDEX Database: Diabetes — Soy Protein Supplementation Reduces Clinical Indices in Type 2 Diabetes and Metabolic Syndrome2016
A meta-analysis of soy protein RCTs in type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome found lower fasting glucose, insulin, HOMA-IR, diastolic BP, LDL-C, total cholesterol, and CRP vs control.
31.SupplementDEX Database: Diabetes — Soy isoflavones and glucose metabolism in menopausal women: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials2016
A meta-analysis of 17 RCTs (1529 menopausal women) found soy isoflavones reduced fasting glucose by 0.22 mmol/L, insulin by 0.43 μIU/mL, and HOMA-IR by 0.52 vs placebo.
32.SupplementDEX Database: Diabetes — Effects of soy intake on glycemic control: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials2011
A meta-analysis of 24 RCTs (1518 subjects) found soy intake had mixed effects on glycemic measures, with some trials showing modest improvements in fasting glucose and HOMA-IR.
33.SupplementDEX Database: Diabetes — Efficacy and safety of Touchi extract, an alpha-glucosidase inhibitor derived from fermented soybeans, in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus2001
In 18 type 2 diabetic patients, 0.9 g/day Touchi extract (alpha-glucosidase inhibitor) for 6 months lowered blood glucose and HbA1c; 9 healthy subjects tolerated 3 g/day for 12 weeks without adverse lab changes.
34.SupplementDEX Database: Diabetes — Long-term ingestion of a fermented soybean-derived Touchi-extract with alpha-glucosidase inhibitory activity is safe and effective in humans with borderline and mild type-2 diabetes2001
In 36 adults with borderline or mild type 2 diabetes, 0.9 g/day Touchi extract for 3 months reduced fasting glucose (6.9 to 6.4 mmol/L) and HbA1c (6.1% to 5.6%) vs placebo.
SupplementDEX Database · Diarrhea
10 references35.SupplementDEX Database: Diarrhea — Use of soy fiber in acute diarrhea in infants and toddlers1997
In 44 US infants >6 months with acute diarrhea, soy fiber-supplemented formula (Isomil DF) shortened median diarrhea duration to 9.7 hours vs 23.1 hours with standard soy formula.
36.SupplementDEX Database: Diarrhea — Cow's milk versus soy-based formula in mild and moderate diarrhea: a randomized, controlled trial1994
In 73 infants aged 2–12 months with mild or moderate diarrhea, soy-based formula refeeding after rehydration did not differ from cow's milk formula in time to first normal stool.
37.SupplementDEX Database: Diarrhea — Effect of dietary fiber (soy polysaccharide) on the severity, duration, and nutritional outcome of acute, watery diarrhea in children1993
In 34 Peruvian infants with acute watery diarrhea, adding soy polysaccharide to soy formula did not reduce stool output or duration vs soy formula without fiber.
38.SupplementDEX Database: Diarrhea — Role of a soy-based lactose-free formula in the outpatient management of diarrhea1991
In 56 outpatient infants with diarrhea, early introduction of soy lactose-free formula resolved diarrhea in 72% by 48 h vs 44% with oral rehydration alone for 24 h (P = 0.02).
39.SupplementDEX Database: Diarrhea — Soy-polysaccharide fiber: effect on diarrhea in tube-fed, head-injured patients1989
In 9 head-injured tube-fed patients, soy polysaccharide fiber did not reduce stool weight, improve consistency, or lower diarrhea incidence vs fiber-free feeding.
40.SupplementDEX Database: Diarrhea — The effect of feeding four different formulae on stool weights in prolonged dehydrating infantile gastroenteritis1988
In 72 South African infants with prolonged dehydrating gastroenteritis, stool weights were similar across cow's milk, lactose-free casein, soy, and whey-hydrolysate formulas over 3 days.
41.SupplementDEX Database: Diarrhea — Role of soy-based, lactose-free formula during treatment of acute diarrhea1985
In 87 American Indian infants with acute diarrhea, early soy lactose-free feeding reduced stool output (121 vs 299 mL/kg) and illness duration (54 vs 93 h) vs 48-h dietary restriction.
42.SupplementDEX Database: Diarrhea — Dietary treatment of acute diarrhea: comparison between cow's milk and a soy formula without disaccharides1984
In a randomized trial comparing cow's milk and soy formula without disaccharides for acute infantile diarrhea, both formulas were evaluated but detailed outcome data were not reported in the available abstract.
43.SupplementDEX Database: Diarrhea — The use of a soy isolate based formula in the treatment of infantile diarrhoea1981
In 112 infants with severe diarrhoea requiring IV rehydration, lactose-free soy isolate formula (Isomil) had a 93% response rate vs 75% with standard cow's milk formula.
44.SupplementDEX Database: Diarrhea — Soy-based formula for infantile diarrhoea: a controlled trial1979
In a controlled trial of soy-based formula for infantile diarrhoea, limited abstract data were available to assess comparative efficacy vs standard formula.
SupplementDEX Database · Gestational diabetes
2 references45.SupplementDEX Database: Gestational diabetes — The association between soy intake and risk of gestational diabetes mellitus: a prospective cohort study2021
In 224 Chinese pregnant women, soy intake below vs above 40 g/day was examined for gestational diabetes risk; higher intake showed no significant association with GDM in adjusted analysis.
46.SupplementDEX Database: Gestational diabetes — The Effect of Soy Intake on Metabolic Profiles of Women With Gestational Diabetes Mellitus2015
In 68 women with gestational diabetes, a soy diet (35% soy protein) for 6 weeks lowered fasting glucose, insulin, and HOMA-IR and raised insulin sensitivity vs a 70% animal-protein control diet.
SupplementDEX Database · Hyperlipidemia
39 references47.SupplementDEX Database: Hyperlipidemia — The effects of isolated soy protein, isolated soy isoflavones and soy protein containing isoflavones on serum lipids in postmenopausal women: A systematic review and meta-analysis2020
A meta-analysis of 46 soy RCTs in postmenopausal women found soy consumption reduced triglycerides (-5.04 mg/dl), total cholesterol (-3.02 mg/dl), and LDL-C (-3.27 mg/dl).
48.SupplementDEX Database: Hyperlipidemia — A Meta-Analysis of 46 Studies Identified by the FDA Demonstrates that Soy Protein Decreases Circulating LDL and Total Cholesterol Concentrations in Adults2019
A meta-analysis of 43 FDA-identified soy protein trials found soy protein intake significantly lowered LDL cholesterol and total cholesterol vs non-soy protein controls.
49.SupplementDEX Database: Hyperlipidemia — Soy protein effects on serum lipoproteins: a quality assessment and meta-analysis of randomized, controlled studies2011
A meta-analysis of soy protein RCTs (4–18 weeks) found modest LDL cholesterol reductions with soy vs non-soy protein, with quality scores varying across trials.
50.SupplementDEX Database: Hyperlipidemia — Flavonoids, flavonoid-rich foods, and cardiovascular risk: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials2008
A flavonoid meta-analysis found chocolate improved flow-mediated dilation and lowered systolic and diastolic blood pressure, while effects of other flavonoid sources were mixed.
51.SupplementDEX Database: Hyperlipidemia — Soy food consumption does not lower LDL cholesterol in either equol or nonequol producers2008
In 91 hypercholesterolemic adults, 24 g/day soy with isoflavones lowered total cholesterol by 3% and triglycerides by 4% vs dairy protein, but did not lower LDL cholesterol.
52.SupplementDEX Database: Hyperlipidemia — Association between soy and green tea (Camellia sinensis) diminishes hypercholesterolemia and increases total plasma antioxidant potential in dyslipidemic subjects2008
In 100 dyslipidemic adults, combined soy (50 g/day) and green tea (3 g/day) for 90 days lowered total cholesterol vs soy or green tea alone, without changing LDL, HDL, or triglycerides.
53.SupplementDEX Database: Hyperlipidemia — Effect of soy protein-containing isoflavones on lipoproteins in postmenopausal women2007
In 216 postmenopausal women with borderline high LDL, soy protein with isoflavones for 12 weeks reduced total and LDL cholesterol and LDL particle number vs casein at 6 weeks.
54.SupplementDEX Database: Hyperlipidemia — Decreases in serum triacylglycerol and visceral fat mediated by dietary soybean beta-conglycinin2006
In 138 adults with elevated triglycerides, beta-conglycinin candy for 12 weeks significantly reduced serum triglycerides vs casein placebo.
55.SupplementDEX Database: Hyperlipidemia — Ultra heat treatment destroys cholesterol-lowering effect of soy protein2006
In 80 hypercholesterolemic subjects, ultra-heat-treated soy protein in milk raised LDL cholesterol 17–19% in all groups, abolishing the usual soy lipid-lowering effect.
56.SupplementDEX Database: Hyperlipidemia — Lipid response to a low-fat diet with or without soy is modified by C-reactive protein status in moderately hypercholesterolemic adults2005
In 32 hypercholesterolemic adults, adding 25 g/day soy or milk protein to a Step I diet did not change lipids; CRP did not modify the response.
57.SupplementDEX Database: Hyperlipidemia — Effects of soy supplementation on blood lipids and arterial function in hypercholesterolaemic subjects2005
In 100 hypercholesterolemic adults, 24 weeks of soy supplement (30 g protein, 100 mg isoflavones) did not improve lipids, arterial function, or inflammatory markers vs casein.
58.SupplementDEX Database: Hyperlipidemia — Variable effects of soy protein on plasma lipids in hyperlipidemic and normolipidemic hemodialysis patients2005
In hyperlipidemic hemodialysis patients, 30 g/day soy protein for 12 weeks reduced total cholesterol by 18.6%, triglycerides by 43.1%, and insulin by 49.8% vs milk protein.
59.SupplementDEX Database: Hyperlipidemia — Effect of soy protein containing isoflavones on cognitive function, bone mineral density, and plasma lipids in postmenopausal women: a randomized controlled trial2004
A 12-month double-blind RCT in 202 postmenopausal women found soy protein with isoflavones did not significantly improve cognition, bone density, or lipids versus placebo.
60.SupplementDEX Database: Hyperlipidemia — Soy protein reduces triglyceride levels and triglyceride fatty acid fractional synthesis rate in hypercholesterolemic subjects2004
In 20 hyperlipidemic adults, soy protein (25 g/1000 kcal) for 6 weeks reduced triglycerides by 12.4%, total cholesterol by 4.4%, and LDL by 5.7% vs animal protein.
61.SupplementDEX Database: Hyperlipidemia — Effects of soy protein on endothelium-dependent vasodilatation and lipid profile in postmenopausal women with mild hypercholesterolemia2003
In 24 postmenopausal hypercholesterolemic women, 25 g/day soy protein for 6 weeks improved brachial artery flow-mediated dilation and lowered LDL vs milk protein placebo.
62.SupplementDEX Database: Hyperlipidemia — Isolated soy protein improves endothelial function in postmenopausal hypercholesterolemic women2003
In 18 postmenopausal hypercholesterolemic women, 4 weeks of isolated soy protein lowered total and LDL cholesterol and improved flow-mediated dilatation vs casein.
63.SupplementDEX Database: Hyperlipidemia — Relation between soy-associated isoflavones and LDL and HDL cholesterol concentrations in humans: a meta-analysis2003
A meta-analysis of 10 soy feeding trials (959 subjects) found 36 g/day soy protein with 52 mg isoflavones lowered LDL by 0.17 mmol/L and raised HDL vs dairy or animal protein.
64.SupplementDEX Database: Hyperlipidemia — A comparison of the effects of 2 doses of soy protein or casein on serum lipids, serum lipoproteins, and plasma total homocysteine in hypercholesterolemic subjects2002
In 130 hypercholesterolemic adults, 30–50 g/day soy protein with fiber for 16 weeks lowered LDL by 0.26 mmol/L and plasma homocysteine by 0.8 μmol/L vs casein.
65.SupplementDEX Database: Hyperlipidemia — Soy isoflavones improve plasma lipids in normocholesterolemic and mildly hypercholesterolemic postmenopausal women2001
In 18 postmenopausal women, high-isoflavone soy (132 mg/day) for 93 days lowered LDL cholesterol by 6.5% and LDL/HDL ratio by 8.5% vs low-isoflavone control.
66.SupplementDEX Database: Hyperlipidemia — The effect of soy protein with or without isoflavones relative to milk protein on plasma lipids in hypercholesterolemic postmenopausal women2001
In 94 postmenopausal hypercholesterolemic women, soy protein with 80 mg isoflavones for 12 weeks lowered LDL by 0.38 mmol/L more than isoflavone-poor soy, but neither differed significantly from milk protein.
67.SupplementDEX Database: Hyperlipidemia — Oats and soy in lipid-lowering diets for women with hypercholesterolemia: is there synergy?2001
In 127 postmenopausal women with hypercholesterolemia, oats plus soy did not show clear synergy beyond Step I diet effects on total or LDL cholesterol over 6 weeks.
68.SupplementDEX Database: Hyperlipidemia — Soy protein intake by perimenopausal women does not affect circulating lipids and lipoproteins or coagulation and fibrinolytic factors2001
In 69 perimenopausal women, 40 g/day isoflavone-rich or isoflavone-poor soy for 24 weeks did not alter lipids, lipoproteins, or coagulation factors vs whey control.
69.SupplementDEX Database: Hyperlipidemia — Got soy?2001
Editorial commentary titled 'Got soy?' with no primary trial outcome data reported.
70.SupplementDEX Database: Hyperlipidemia — Hypocholesterolemic effect of soymilk supplementation with usual diet in premenopausal normolipidemic Japanese women2000
In 52 premenopausal Japanese women, 408 g/day soymilk for two menstrual cycles reduced total cholesterol by 10.9 mg/dL (5.3%) vs control.
73.SupplementDEX Database: Hyperlipidemia — Soy isoflavones improve plasma lipids in normocholesterolemic, premenopausal women2000
In 13 normocholesterolemic premenopausal women, soy isoflavone doses up to 128.7 mg/day across three menstrual cycles significantly changed total, HDL, and LDL cholesterol vs control.
71.SupplementDEX Database: Hyperlipidemia — Intake of soy products is associated with better plasma lipid profiles in the Hong Kong Chinese population1999
In 500 Hong Kong Chinese adults, higher soy intake was inversely correlated with total and LDL cholesterol in men and women under 50 after confounder adjustment.
74.SupplementDEX Database: Hyperlipidemia — Effect of soy protein supplementation on serum lipoproteins, blood pressure, and menopausal symptoms in perimenopausal women1999
In 51 perimenopausal women, 20 g/day soy protein with 34 mg phytoestrogens for 6 weeks lowered total cholesterol by 6% and LDL by 7% vs carbohydrate placebo.
75.SupplementDEX Database: Hyperlipidemia — A randomized trial comparing the effect of casein with that of soy protein containing varying amounts of isoflavones on plasma concentrations of lipids and lipoproteins1999
In 156 adults with LDL 140–200 mg/dL, 25 g/day soy protein with 62 mg isoflavones for 9 weeks lowered total and LDL cholesterol by 4% and 6% vs casein.
76.SupplementDEX Database: Hyperlipidemia — Double-blind study of the addition of high-protein soya milk v. cows' milk to the diet of patients with severe hypercholesterolaemia and resistance to or intolerance of statins1999
In 21 severely hypercholesterolemic statin-intolerant patients, high-protein soymilk for 4 weeks reduced total cholesterol by 6.5–7.4% vs cow's milk periods.
72.SupplementDEX Database: Hyperlipidemia — Effects of feeding 4 levels of soy protein for 3 and 6 wk on blood lipids and apolipoproteins in moderately hypercholesterolemic men1998
In 81 hypercholesterolemic men, replacing ≥20 g/day animal protein with soy protein for 6 weeks reduced total and non-HDL cholesterol; ≥30 g/day had stronger effects.
77.SupplementDEX Database: Hyperlipidemia — Soy protein and isoflavones: their effects on blood lipids and bone density in postmenopausal women1998
In 66 hypercholesterolemic postmenopausal women, 40 g/day soy protein with moderate or high isoflavones for 6 months reduced non-HDL cholesterol and increased HDL vs casein.
78.SupplementDEX Database: Hyperlipidemia — Cholesterol-lowering effect of soy protein in normocholesterolemic and hypercholesterolemic men1998
In 26 normo- and hypercholesterolemic men, 5 weeks of NCEP Step I soy-protein diet lowered cholesterol independent of baseline lipids, age, or diet sequence.
79.SupplementDEX Database: Hyperlipidemia — Variable lipemic response to dietary soy protein in healthy, normolipemic men1998
In 9 normolipemic men, 1 month of soy vs casein diet raised HDL and apo A-I in all; 5 of 9 responders had 26% lower LDL and 16% lower apo B with soy.
80.SupplementDEX Database: Hyperlipidemia — Supplementation with isoflavonoid phytoestrogens does not alter serum lipid concentrations: a randomized controlled trial in humans1998
In 59 adults, 55 mg/day isoflavonoid tablets for 8 weeks did not change serum total, LDL, HDL cholesterol, triglycerides, or lipoprotein(a) vs placebo.
81.SupplementDEX Database: Hyperlipidemia — Soy isoflavones improve systemic arterial compliance but not plasma lipids in menopausal and perimenopausal women1997
In 21 perimenopausal and menopausal women, 80 mg/day soy isoflavones for 5–10 weeks improved systemic arterial compliance by 26% vs placebo but did not change lipids.
82.SupplementDEX Database: Hyperlipidemia — Effects of a soy-protein beverage on plasma lipoproteins in children with familial hypercholesterolemia1991
In children with familial hypercholesterolemia, 4 weeks of soy protein beverage (35% of protein energy) lowered triglycerides and VLDL and raised HDL vs cow's milk protein.
83.SupplementDEX Database: Hyperlipidemia — Soy cotyledon fiber products reduce plasma lipids1990
In 20 adults with mildly elevated cholesterol, 15 g/day soy cotyledon fiber for 6 weeks in a crossover trial did not significantly lower plasma total cholesterol vs lower-fiber period.
84.SupplementDEX Database: Hyperlipidemia — Soy fiber improves lipid and carbohydrate metabolism in primary hyperlipidemic subjects1986
In hypercholesterolemic patients on a low-fat diet, adding 25 g/day soy fiber for 12 weeks further reduced total cholesterol by 13 mg/dl and LDL by 12 mg/dl, and improved glucose tolerance.
85.SupplementDEX Database: Hyperlipidemia — Soybean protein diets in the management of type II hyperlipoproteinaemia1985
In 57 type II hyperlipoproteinemia patients, adding soybean protein to a low-lipid diet reduced plasma cholesterol by ~30% over 16 weeks, similar to replacing animal with soy protein.
SupplementDEX Database · Menopause
37 references86.SupplementDEX Database: Menopause — Use of Plant-Based Therapies and Menopausal Symptoms: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis2016
A meta-analysis of 62 phytoestrogen trials (6653 women) found phytoestrogens reduced daily hot flashes by 1.31 and vaginal dryness scores but not night sweats vs placebo.
87.SupplementDEX Database: Menopause — Impact of a soy drink on climacteric symptoms: an open-label, crossover, randomized clinical trial2016
In 147 peri- and postmenopausal Spanish women, 500 mL/day isoflavone-rich soy drink for 12 weeks reduced climacteric symptoms by 20.4% and improved urogenital domain scores.
88.SupplementDEX Database: Menopause — A cross-sectional study of equol producer status and self-reported vasomotor symptoms2015
In 375 postmenopausal women eating soy ≥3 times/week, equol producer status (35%) was not significantly associated with lower vasomotor symptom frequency after adjustment.
89.SupplementDEX Database: Menopause — Randomized controlled trial of whole soy and isoflavone daidzein on menopausal symptoms in equol-producing Chinese postmenopausal women2014
In 270 equol-producing Chinese postmenopausal women, 6 months of soy flour or daidzein did not significantly reduce menopausal symptoms vs milk powder placebo.
90.SupplementDEX Database: Menopause — Effects of antidepressants and soybean association in depressive menopausal women2014
In 40 depressive menopausal women, sertraline plus soybean 100 mg/day reduced depression scores more than sertraline or fluoxetine alone over 3 months.
91.SupplementDEX Database: Menopause — Impact of dose, frequency of administration, and equol production on efficacy of isoflavones for menopausal hot flashes: a pilot randomized trial2013
In 130 perimenopausal/postmenopausal women, higher daily isoflavone doses (100–200 mg) and twice-daily dosing were associated with greater hot flash intensity reductions.
92.SupplementDEX Database: Menopause — Soy fiber improves weight loss and lipid profile in overweight and obese adults: a randomized controlled trial2013
In overweight/obese adults, ~100 g/day soy fiber biscuits for 12 weeks reduced body weight, BMI, waist circumference, and LDL-C vs control biscuits.
93.SupplementDEX Database: Menopause — Extracted or synthesized soybean isoflavones reduce menopausal hot flash frequency and severity: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials2012
A meta-analysis of 19 isoflavone RCTs found soy isoflavone extracts reduced hot flash frequency and severity in perimenopausal and postmenopausal women vs placebo.
94.SupplementDEX Database: Menopause — Soy isoflavones versus placebo in the treatment of climacteric vasomotor symptoms: systematic review and meta-analysis2010
A meta-analysis of 19 climacteric trials found soy dietary supplements, extracts, and isoflavone concentrates all reduced hot flash incidence and severity vs placebo.
95.SupplementDEX Database: Menopause — The effect of dietary soy supplementation compared to estrogen and placebo on menopausal symptoms: a randomized controlled trial2010
In 60 postmenopausal women, 90 mg/day dietary soy isoflavones for 16 weeks improved somatic symptoms vs placebo but did not differ from low-dose hormone therapy on all domains.
96.SupplementDEX Database: Menopause — Isoflavone therapy for menopausal flushes: a systematic review and meta-analysis2006
A meta-analysis found isoflavone supplementation associated with significant reduction in daily menopausal flushes (effect size -0.28 to -0.49) vs placebo.
97.SupplementDEX Database: Menopause — Randomized clinical trial comparing conjugated equine estrogens and isoflavones in postmenopausal women: a pilot study2006
In 79 postmenopausal women, 120 mg/day soy isoflavones for 6 months reduced climacteric symptoms similarly to 0.625 mg conjugated estrogens but did not change vaginal pH or endometrium.
98.SupplementDEX Database: Menopause — Nonhormonal therapies for menopausal hot flashes: systematic review and meta-analysis2006
A systematic review and meta-analysis found nonhormonal therapies including soy isoflavones provided modest hot flash reduction, with effect sizes smaller than hormone therapy.
99.SupplementDEX Database: Menopause — Isoflavone supplements containing predominantly genistein reduce hot flash symptoms: a critical review of published studies2006
A review of 11 isoflavone trials found products providing >15 mg genistein consistently reduced hot flashes, while lower-genistein products mostly did not.
100.SupplementDEX Database: Menopause — A randomized controlled trial of the effect of dietary soy and flaxseed muffins on quality of life and hot flashes during menopause2006
In a 16-week RCT of 87 postmenopausal women, daily muffins with 25 g flaxseed, soy, or wheat control did not show clear superiority of flaxseed for quality of life or hot flash frequency.
101.SupplementDEX Database: Menopause — The effect of a soy-rich diet on urogenital atrophy: a randomized, cross-over trial2006
In 36 peri- and postmenopausal women, a 12-week soy-rich diet (>50 mg/day isoflavones) paradoxically increased urge incontinence and vaginal dryness vs soy-free control diet.
102.SupplementDEX Database: Menopause — Effect of a combination of isoflavones and Actaea racemosa Linnaeus on climacteric symptoms in healthy symptomatic perimenopausal women: a 12-week randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind study2005
In 124 perimenopausal women with ≥5 daily vasomotor symptoms, soy isoflavones plus black cohosh for 12 weeks did not significantly improve climacteric scores vs placebo.
103.SupplementDEX Database: Menopause — Soy for the treatment of perimenopausal symptoms--a systematic review2004
A systematic review of 10 soy RCTs for perimenopausal symptoms concluded evidence was inconclusive, with only some trials showing benefit for hot flashes.
104.SupplementDEX Database: Menopause — Benefits of soy germ isoflavones in postmenopausal women with contraindication for conventional hormone replacement therapy2004
In 50 postmenopausal women contraindicated for HRT, 60 mg/day soy germ isoflavones for 6 months reduced hot flushes by 44% vs 10% with placebo (P < 0.05).
105.SupplementDEX Database: Menopause — Effects of genistein on hot flushes in early postmenopausal women: a randomized, double-blind EPT- and placebo-controlled study2004
In 90 postmenopausal women, genistein 54 mg/day for 1 year reduced daily hot flushes by 22–29% vs placebo, though less than estrogen-progestogen therapy (~53–56% reduction).
106.SupplementDEX Database: Menopause — Soy isoflavones and melatonin for the relief of climacteric symptoms: a multicenter, double-blind, randomized study2004
In 388 climacteric women, soy isoflavones plus melatonin 3 mg for 3 months reduced Greene Climacteric Scale scores more than either alone or placebo.
107.SupplementDEX Database: Menopause — Phytoestrogens for treatment of menopausal symptoms: a systematic review2004
A systematic review of 25 phytoestrogen trials found most soy food trials (7/8) were negative for hot flash relief, while extracted isoflavone trials showed mixed results.
108.SupplementDEX Database: Menopause — Soy protein and isoflavone effects on vasomotor symptoms in peri- and postmenopausal women: the Soy Estrogen Alternative Study2003
In 241 women with vasomotor symptoms, 25 g/day soy protein with 42 or 58 mg/day isoflavones for up to 24 weeks did not reduce hot flash frequency or severity vs isoflavone-extracted control.
109.SupplementDEX Database: Menopause — A pilot study of the effects of phytoestrogen supplementation on postmenopausal endometrium2002
In 27 postmenopausal women, 6 months of phytoestrogen soy cereal supplementation did not alter endometrial histology; all biopsies remained atrophic or inactive.
110.SupplementDEX Database: Menopause — Benefits of soy isoflavone therapeutic regimen on menopausal symptoms2002
In 80 postmenopausal women, 100 mg/day soy isoflavones for 4 months reduced menopausal symptom scores and lowered total and LDL cholesterol vs placebo without changing endometrial thickness.
111.SupplementDEX Database: Menopause — Efficacy and safety of a phytoestrogen preparation derived from Glycine max (L.) Merr in climacteric symptomatology: a multicentric, open, prospective and non-randomized trial2002
In an open-label trial of 190 postmenopausal women, 35 mg/day isoflavones for 4 months reduced hot flushes in 81% and improved sleep, anxiety, and vaginal dryness.
112.SupplementDEX Database: Menopause — Complementary and alternative medicine for menopausal symptoms: a review of randomized, controlled trials2002
A review of 29 RCTs found soy products and other CAM therapies had variable evidence for menopausal hot flash relief, with soy showing modest benefit in some trials.
113.SupplementDEX Database: Menopause — Soy product intake and hot flashes in Japanese women: results from a community-based prospective study2001
In 1106 premenopausal Japanese women followed 6 years, higher soy and isoflavone intake was inversely associated with new moderate or severe hot flashes (HR 0.42–0.47 for highest vs lowest tertile).
114.SupplementDEX Database: Menopause — Isoflavone-rich or isoflavone-poor soy protein does not reduce menopausal symptoms during 24 weeks of treatment2001
In 69 perimenopausal women, 24 weeks of isoflavone-rich (80.4 mg/day) or isoflavone-poor soy protein did not reduce hot flush or night sweat frequency vs whey control.
115.SupplementDEX Database: Menopause — Hormonal effects of soy isoflavones: studies in premenopausal and postmenopausal women2000
Review article on hormonal effects of soy isoflavones in premenopausal and postmenopausal women; no single trial outcome reported in available abstract.
116.SupplementDEX Database: Menopause — Clinical effects of a standardized soy extract in postmenopausal women: a pilot study2000
In postmenopausal women, 400 mg/day standardized soy extract (50 mg isoflavones) for 6 weeks reduced hot flushes before adding conjugated estrogens in a crossover design.
117.SupplementDEX Database: Menopause — Vasomotor symptom relief by soy isoflavone extract tablets in postmenopausal women: a multicenter, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study2000
In 177 postmenopausal women, 50 mg/day soy isoflavones for 12 weeks reduced hot flash incidence and severity vs placebo by 6 weeks (P = 0.03), approaching significance at 12 weeks (P = 0.08).
118.SupplementDEX Database: Menopause — The effect of dietary soy supplementation on hot flushes1998
In 104 postmenopausal women, 40 g/day soy protein for 12 weeks reduced moderate-to-severe hot flushes by 45% vs 30% with casein placebo (P < 0.01).
119.SupplementDEX Database: Menopause — Clinical review 97: Potential health benefits of dietary phytoestrogens: a review of the clinical, epidemiological, and mechanistic evidence1998
A clinical review summarized evidence that phytoestrogens from soy and flax may benefit cardiovascular disease, cancer, osteoporosis, and menopausal symptoms, but noted limited human trial data.
120.SupplementDEX Database: Menopause — Effects of dietary phytoestrogens in postmenopausal women1998
In postmenopausal women, high-phytoestrogen soy and linseed diets raised urinary phytoestrogens 10–30-fold; linseed reduced hot flush rate by 41% and soy by 22% vs wheat control.
122.SupplementDEX Database: Menopause — Dietary flour supplementation decreases post-menopausal hot flushes: effect of soy and wheat1995
In 58 postmenopausal women with ≥14 hot flushes/week, soy flour for 12 weeks reduced flushes by 40% vs 25% with wheat flour, with faster response in the soy group at 6 weeks.
121.Short‐term Effects of Phytoestrogen‐rich Diet on Postmenopausal Women. See external sourceExternal source
No source link
SupplementDEX Database · Metabolic syndrome
1 reference123.SupplementDEX Database: Metabolic syndrome — Soy inclusion in the diet improves features of the metabolic syndrome: a randomized crossover study in postmenopausal women2007
In 42 postmenopausal women with metabolic syndrome, an 8-week soy-nut diet improved insulin resistance and LDL-C more than soy-protein or DASH control diets.
124.SupplementDEX Database: Muscle mass and strength — No Significant Differences in Muscle Growth and Strength Development When Consuming Soy and Whey Protein Supplements Matched for Leucine Following a 12 Week Resistance Training Program in Men and Women: A Randomized Trial2020
In 61 untrained adults, 12 weeks of resistance training with soy protein (26 g, 2 g leucine) vs whey (19 g, 2 g leucine) produced comparable gains in lean mass and strength.
125.SupplementDEX Database: Muscle mass and strength — Adding Soy Protein to Milk Enhances the Effect of Resistance Training on Muscle Strength in Postmenopausal Women2018
In 32 postmenopausal women, 16 weeks of resistance training plus 25 g/day soy protein in milk enhanced bench press strength gains more than training plus maltodextrin placebo.
126.SupplementDEX Database: Muscle mass and strength — No Difference Between the Effects of Supplementing With Soy Protein Versus Animal Protein on Gains in Muscle Mass and Strength in Response to Resistance Exercise2018
A meta-analysis of soy vs animal/whey protein with resistance training found both increased strength; lean mass gains did not significantly differ between protein sources.
127.SupplementDEX Database: Muscle mass and strength — Resistance training with soy vs whey protein supplements in hyperlipidemic males2009
In 28 overweight hyperlipidemic men, 12 weeks of resistance training with soy or whey protein (1.2 g/kg) similarly improved strength and reduced body fat and waist-to-hip ratio.
128.SupplementDEX Database: Muscle mass and strength — Consumption of fat-free fluid milk after resistance exercise promotes greater lean mass accretion than does consumption of soy or carbohydrate in young, novice, male weightlifters2007
In 56 novice male weightlifters, fat-free milk after training for 12 weeks increased type II fiber area more than soy or carbohydrate, though strength gains did not differ.
129.SupplementDEX Database: Muscle mass and strength — Effect of whey and soy protein supplementation combined with resistance training in young adults2006
In 27 untrained adults, 6 weeks of resistance training with soy or whey protein (1.2 g/kg) both increased lean mass and strength vs placebo, with no difference between protein sources.
130.SupplementDEX Database: Muscle mass and strength — Studies regarding the efficiency of Supro isolated soy protein in Olympic athletes1992
In 38 Romanian Olympic endurance athletes, 1.5 g/kg/day Supro soy protein for 8 weeks increased lean mass, strength, hemoglobin, and calcium and reduced post-training fatigue vs no supplement.
SupplementDEX Database · Osteoporosis
16 references131.SupplementDEX Database: Osteoporosis — Impact of equol-producing capacity and soy-isoflavone profiles of supplements on bone calcium retention in postmenopausal women: a randomized crossover trial2015
In 24 postmenopausal women, soy isoflavone supplements (52–220 mg/day) for 50 days increased bone calcium retention by 3.4–7.6% vs baseline in a crossover trial.
132.SupplementDEX Database: Osteoporosis — Effect of soy isolate protein and resistance exercises on muscle performance and bone health of osteopenic/osteoporotic post-menopausal women2013
In osteopenic postmenopausal women, 12 weeks of soy protein plus resistance exercise improved muscle performance and bone ultrasound parameters more than soy or exercise alone.
133.SupplementDEX Database: Osteoporosis — Systematic review of soy isoflavone supplements on osteoporosis in women2012
A meta-analysis found soy isoflavones increased bone mineral density by 54% relative measure and reduced urinary DPD by 23%, with stronger effects above 75 mg/day in postmenopausal women.
134.SupplementDEX Database: Osteoporosis — The effect of soy isoflavone on bone mineral density in postmenopausal Taiwanese women with bone loss: a 2-year randomized double-blind placebo-controlled study2012
In 217 postmenopausal women, 300 mg/day isoflavones for 2 years with calcium and vitamin D did not prevent lumbar spine or hip BMD decline vs placebo.
135.SupplementDEX Database: Osteoporosis — Prospective cohort study of soy food consumption and risk of bone fracture among postmenopausal women2005
In 24,403 postmenopausal Chinese women followed 4.5 years, higher soy protein intake was associated with lower fracture risk across quintiles (HR 0.63 in highest vs lowest).
136.SupplementDEX Database: Osteoporosis — Beneficial effect of soy isoflavones on bone mineral content was modified by years since menopause, body weight, and calcium intake: a double-blind, randomized, controlled trial2004
In 203 postmenopausal Chinese women, 40–80 mg/day isoflavones with calcium for 1 year improved bone mineral content at some sites, modified by years since menopause, weight, and calcium intake.
137.SupplementDEX Database: Osteoporosis — The effect of soy protein isolate on bone metabolism2004
In 65 early postmenopausal women, 9 months of soy protein with 52 or 96 mg/day isoflavones did not improve spine or femoral neck BMD vs isoflavone-free soy.
138.SupplementDEX Database: Osteoporosis — Short-term effects of high soy supplementation on sex hormones, bone markers, and lipid parameters in young female adults2004
In young women across one menstrual cycle, 52 mg/day isoflavones from soy cookies did not affect sex hormones but slightly raised the bone resorption-to-formation marker ratio midluteally.
139.SupplementDEX Database: Osteoporosis — Soy protein has a greater effect on bone in postmenopausal women not on hormone replacement therapy, as evidenced by reducing bone resorption and urinary calcium excretion2003
In 42 postmenopausal women, 40 g/day soy protein for 3 months reduced urinary bone resorption marker DPD and prevented the urinary calcium rise seen with milk protein.
140.SupplementDEX Database: Osteoporosis — Soy isoflavones have a favorable effect on bone loss in Chinese postmenopausal women with lower bone mass: a double-blind, randomized, controlled trial2003
In 203 postmenopausal Chinese women, 80 mg/day soy isoflavones for 1 year improved hip BMC change rates vs placebo, especially in those with lower baseline BMD.
141.SupplementDEX Database: Osteoporosis — A randomized controlled trial of phytoestrogen supplementation, growth and bone turnover in adolescent males2003
In 69 adolescent boys, 6 weeks of 50 mg/day isoflavones did not change bone turnover markers, height, or weight vs placebo.
142.SupplementDEX Database: Osteoporosis — Soy isoflavones: no effects on bone mineral content and bone mineral density in healthy, menstruating young adult women after one year2002
In 28 young women (21–25 years), 12 months of isoflavone-enriched soy protein (~90 mg/day) did not increase bone mineral content or density vs isoflavone-deficient soy control.
143.SupplementDEX Database: Osteoporosis — Soy intake related to menopausal symptoms, serum lipids, and bone mineral density in postmenopausal Japanese women2001
In 478 postmenopausal Japanese women, higher isoflavone intake (~54 mg/day mean) was associated with higher lumbar BMD after adjusting for weight and years since menopause.
144.SupplementDEX Database: Osteoporosis — Soy intake and the maintenance of peak bone mass in Hong Kong Chinese women2001
In 116 premenopausal Hong Kong women followed ~3 years, soy isoflavone intake was not significantly associated with maintenance of peak spinal bone mineral density.
145.SupplementDEX Database: Osteoporosis — High dietary phytoestrogen intake is associated with higher bone mineral density in postmenopausal but not premenopausal women2001
In 650 Chinese women, highest vs lowest isoflavone intake was associated with higher lumbar spine BMD and lower PTH in postmenopausal but not premenopausal women.
146.SupplementDEX Database: Osteoporosis — Isoflavone-rich soy protein isolate attenuates bone loss in the lumbar spine of perimenopausal women2000
In 69 perimenopausal women, 24 weeks of isoflavone-rich soy protein (80.4 mg/day) attenuated lumbar spine BMD loss vs whey control, with positive regression effect on BMD change.
147.SupplementDEX Database: Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) — Isoflavones in treating watchful waiting benign prostate hyperplasia: a double-blinded, randomized controlled trial2012
A double-blind pilot RCT in 176 Hong Kong men with BPH found soy isoflavones did not significantly improve lower urinary tract symptoms versus placebo over 12 months.
148.SupplementDEX Database: Breast cancer-induced hot flashes — The association between soy isoflavone intake and menopausal symptoms after breast cancer diagnosis: a prospective longitudinal cohort study on Chinese breast cancer patients2020
In 1462 Chinese early-stage breast cancer survivors, higher soy isoflavone intake was associated with fewer menopausal symptoms over 5 years of follow-up.
149.SupplementDEX Database: Breast cancer-induced hot flashes — Effect of soy phytoestrogens on hot flashes in postmenopausal women with breast cancer: a randomized, controlled clinical trial2002
A 12-week double-blind RCT in 64 postmenopausal breast cancer survivors found a soy phytoestrogen beverage did not significantly reduce hot flash frequency versus placebo.
150.SupplementDEX Database: Breast cancer-induced hot flashes — Cooling off hot flashes2002
An editorial commentary noted limited evidence that soy phytoestrogens relieve hot flashes in breast cancer survivors compared with hormone therapy.
151.SupplementDEX Database: Breast cancer-induced hot flashes — Evaluation of soy phytoestrogens for the treatment of hot flashes in breast cancer survivors: A North Central Cancer Treatment Group Trial2000
An RCT in 177 breast cancer survivors found soy phytoestrogen supplementation did not significantly reduce hot flash frequency versus placebo.
SupplementDEX Database · Colorectal cancer
2 references152.SupplementDEX Database: Colorectal cancer — Soy Intake and Colorectal Cancer Risk: Results from a Pooled Analysis of Prospective Cohort Studies Conducted in China and Japan2020
In a pooled analysis of 205,060 adults from 4 Asian cohorts followed 12.7 years, soy protein and isoflavone intake were not significantly associated with colorectal cancer risk overall.
153.SupplementDEX Database: Colorectal cancer — Soy protein containing isoflavones does not decrease colorectal epithelial cell proliferation in a randomized controlled trial2005
In 125 adults with adenomatous polyps, 58 g/day soy protein with 83 mg isoflavones for 12 months increased sigmoid colon epithelial cell proliferation by 11% vs isoflavone-depleted soy protein.
154.SupplementDEX Database: Delayed onset muscle soreness — The effects of fish oil and isoflavones on delayed onset muscle soreness2002
In 22 subjects, 30 days of fish oil (1.8 g omega-3/day) or soy isoflavones (120 mg/day) before eccentric exercise did not reduce delayed-onset muscle soreness vs placebo.
SupplementDEX Database · All-cause mortality
3 references155.SupplementDEX Database: All-cause mortality — Association of soy food with cardiovascular outcomes and all-cause mortality in a Chinese population: a nationwide prospective cohort study2022
A prospective cohort of 97,930 Chinese adults (≥40 years) found higher soy intake (≥60 g/day) associated with lower cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality over follow-up.
156.SupplementDEX Database: All-cause mortality — Association of soy and fermented soy product intake with total and cause specific mortality: prospective cohort study2020
In 92,915 Japanese adults (ages 45–74), higher intake of soy and fermented soy foods was associated with lower all-cause and cause-specific mortality.
157.SupplementDEX Database: All-cause mortality — Soy product consumption and the risk of all-cause, cardiovascular and cancer mortality: a systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies2018
A meta-analysis of cohort studies found higher soy product intake associated with lower all-cause, cardiovascular, and cancer mortality.
SupplementDEX Database · Alzheimer's disease
1 reference158.SupplementDEX Database: Alzheimer's disease — Cognitive Effects of Soy Isoflavones in Patients with Alzheimer's Disease2015
A 6-month RCT in 65 Alzheimer's patients found 100 mg/day soy isoflavones did not improve cognition versus placebo despite prior benefits in healthy older adults.
SupplementDEX Database · Asthma
2 references159.SupplementDEX Database: Asthma — Effect of a soy isoflavone supplement on lung function and clinical outcomes in patients with poorly controlled asthma: a randomized clinical trial2015
A 24-week multicenter double-blind RCT in 193 adults with poorly controlled asthma found soy isoflavone supplementation did not improve asthma control versus placebo.
160.SupplementDEX Database: Asthma — Dietary intake of soy genistein is associated with lung function in patients with asthma2004
In 1033 asthma trial participants, higher dietary soy genistein intake was associated with better baseline lung function (FEV1 and peak flow).
SupplementDEX Database · Cardiovascular disease
4 references161.SupplementDEX Database: Cardiovascular disease — Association between Soy Food and Dietary Soy Isoflavone Intake and the Risk of Cardiovascular Disease in Women: A Prospective Cohort Study in Korea2021
In 4713 Korean women (ages 40–69), higher soy food and isoflavone intake was associated with lower incident cardiovascular disease over follow-up.
162.SupplementDEX Database: Cardiovascular disease — Consumption of soy products and cardiovascular mortality in people with and without cardiovascular disease: a prospective cohort study of 0.5 million individuals2021
In 487,034 Chinese adults without CVD and 22,923 with prior CCD, higher soy product intake was associated with lower cardiovascular mortality.
163.SupplementDEX Database: Cardiovascular disease — Association of dietary intake of soy, beans, and isoflavones with risk of cerebral and myocardial infarctions in Japanese populations: the Japan Public Health Center-based (JPHC) study cohort I2007
In 40,462 Japanese adults (ages 40–59), higher soy and isoflavone intake was associated with lower cerebral and myocardial infarction risk.
164.SupplementDEX Database: Cardiovascular disease — Prospective study on usual dietary phytoestrogen intake and cardiovascular disease risk in Western women2005
In 16,165 Dutch women (ages 49–70), habitual low phytoestrogen intake was not clearly associated with incident cardiovascular disease.
SupplementDEX Database · Cervical cancer
1 reference165.SupplementDEX Database: Cervical cancer — Soy and tea intake on cervical cancer risk: the Singapore Chinese Health Study2019
In the Singapore Chinese Health Study, higher soy and tea intake was not clearly associated with lower cervical cancer incidence.
SupplementDEX Database · Child development
1 reference166.SupplementDEX Database: Child development — Effect of Daily Exposure to Isolated Soy Protein Supplement on Body Composition, Energy and Macronutrient Intake, Bone Formation Markers, and Lipid Profile in Children in Colombia2019
A 12-month RCT in 107 children (ages 2–9) found daily soy protein supplement (45 g/day) did not clearly improve bone formation markers or growth versus control.
SupplementDEX Database · Cognitive performance
4 references167.SupplementDEX Database: Cognitive performance — Dietary genistein intake and cognitive performance in a multiethnic cohort of midlife women2006
In 380 SWAN midlife women (ages 42–52), higher genistein intake was associated with better cognitive performance on some tests.
168.SupplementDEX Database: Cognitive performance — Improved cognitive function in postmenopausal women after 12 weeks of consumption of a soya extract containing isoflavones2003
A 12-week double-blind RCT in 33 postmenopausal women found 60 mg/day soy isoflavones improved memory and frontal lobe function versus placebo.
169.SupplementDEX Database: Cognitive performance — Isoflavones and cognitive function in older women: the SOy and Postmenopausal Health In Aging (SOPHIA) Study2003
A 6-month double-blind RCT in postmenopausal women found isoflavone supplementation did not significantly improve cognitive function versus placebo.
170.SupplementDEX Database: Cognitive performance — Eating soya improves human memory2001
A 10-week RCT in healthy young adults found high-soy diet (100 mg/day isoflavones) improved memory and frontal lobe function versus low-soy diet.
SupplementDEX Database · Colic
4 references171.SupplementDEX Database: Colic — Effectiveness of treatments for infantile colic: systematic review1998
A systematic review found limited evidence that dietary changes or dicyclomine reliably treat infantile colic; fiber, osmotic laxatives, and some drugs had trial support.
172.SupplementDEX Database: Colic — Dietary modifications versus dicyclomine hydrochloride in the treatment of severe infantile colics1994
An RCT in 120 infants (ages 3–12 weeks) with severe colic found hypoallergenic or soy formulas reduced symptoms versus dicyclomine in some subgroups.
173.SupplementDEX Database: Colic — Dietary treatment of infant colic: a double-blind study1989
A double-blind crossover in 19 colicky infants found soy formula reduced colic duration during soy weeks versus cow's milk formula (11 of 19 met cow's milk intolerance criteria).
174.SupplementDEX Database: Colic — Cow's milk formula as a cause of infantile colic: a double-blind study1982
In 60 colicky formula-fed infants, 18% were symptom-free on soy formula, 53% unchanged or worse on both formulas, and 29% had symptoms unrelated to diet; cow's milk intolerance was confirmed in 36% on challenge.
SupplementDEX Database · Crohn's disease
1 reference175.SupplementDEX Database: Crohn's disease — Effect of a vegetable-protein-rich polymeric diet treatment on body composition and energy metabolism in inactive Crohn's disease2000
In 40 inactive Crohn's disease patients, 4 weeks of soy-rich or standard polymeric enteral diet similarly increased body weight, fat-free mass, and fat mass.
SupplementDEX Database · Diabetic nephropathy
5 references176.SupplementDEX Database: Diabetic nephropathy — Effects of soy isoflavone supplementation on patients with diabetic nephropathy: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials2021
A meta-analysis of 7 RCTs (141 diabetic nephropathy patients) found soy isoflavones reduced 24-hour urine protein, BUN, CRP, lipids, and fasting glucose vs control.
177.SupplementDEX Database: Diabetic nephropathy — Soy milk consumption and blood pressure among type 2 diabetic patients with nephropathy2013
In 29 type 2 diabetic nephropathy patients, 4 weeks of soy milk vs cow's milk reduced systolic BP by 4.5% and triglycerides by 15% vs cow's milk.
178.SupplementDEX Database: Diabetic nephropathy — Effect of soy protein-rich diet on renal function in young adults with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus2005
In 12 young adults with type 1 diabetes and hyperfiltration, 8 weeks of soy protein reduced mean GFR (143 vs 159 ml/min/1.73 m² at baseline) vs animal protein control.
179.SupplementDEX Database: Diabetic nephropathy — Isolated soy protein consumption reduces urinary albumin excretion and improves the serum lipid profile in men with type 2 diabetes mellitus and nephropathy2004
In 14 men with type 2 diabetes and nephropathy, 0.5 g/kg/day isolated soy protein for 8 weeks reduced urinary albumin excretion by 9.5% and improved lipid ratios vs casein.
180.SupplementDEX Database: Diabetic nephropathy — Beneficiary effect of dietary soy protein on lowering plasma levels of lipid and improving kidney function in type II diabetes with nephropathy2003
In 14 diabetic nephropathy patients in a crossover trial, replacing 35% of protein with soy for 7 weeks significantly reduced lipids and improved kidney function markers vs usual diet.
SupplementDEX Database · Dyspepsia
1 reference181.SupplementDEX Database: Dyspepsia — Fermented soy supplementation improves indicators of quality of life: a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind trial in adults experiencing heartburn2020
In 50 adults with heartburn, up to 3 g/day fermented soy sachets for 3 weeks did not reduce heartburn severity or frequency vs placebo, though some quality-of-life items improved.
SupplementDEX Database · Endometrial cancer
5 references182.SupplementDEX Database: Endometrial cancer — Soy food and isoflavone intake and endometrial cancer risk: the Japan Public Health Center-based prospective study2015
In 49,121 Japanese women followed 12.1 years (112 endometrial cancers), soy food and isoflavone intake were not associated with endometrial cancer risk.
183.SupplementDEX Database: Endometrial cancer — Soy Intake Is Associated With Lower Endometrial Cancer Risk: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies2015
A meta-analysis of observational studies found dietary soy intake associated with 19% lower endometrial cancer risk (pooled RR 0.81), strongest for unfermented soy in postmenopausal Asian women.
184.SupplementDEX Database: Endometrial cancer — Effect of isoflavone soy protein supplementation on endometrial thickness, hyperplasia, and endometrial cancer risk in postmenopausal women: a randomized controlled trial2013
In 224 postmenopausal women, 154 mg/day isoflavone soy protein for 3 years did not change endometrial thickness or increase endometrial hyperplasia vs milk protein placebo.
185.SupplementDEX Database: Endometrial cancer — Soya food intake and risk of endometrial cancer among Chinese women in Shanghai: population based case-control study2004
In 832 endometrial cancer cases vs 846 Shanghai controls, higher soy protein and isoflavone intake over 5 years was inversely associated with endometrial cancer risk (P trend 0.01).
186.SupplementDEX Database: Endometrial cancer — Association of soy and fiber consumption with the risk of endometrial cancer1997
In 332 endometrial cancer cases vs 511 Hawaii controls, higher soy and fiber intake was inversely associated with endometrial cancer risk after adjusting for fat and energy intake.
SupplementDEX Database · Fibromyalgia
1 reference187.SupplementDEX Database: Fibromyalgia — Dietary soy supplement on fibromyalgia symptoms: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, early phase trial2011
In 50 fibromyalgia patients, 6 weeks of soy shake did not differ from placebo in Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire or depression scores despite similar within-group improvements.
SupplementDEX Database · Stomach cancer
2 references188.SupplementDEX Database: Stomach cancer — The association between soy-based food and soy isoflavone intake and the risk of gastric cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis2021
A meta-analysis found total nonfermented soybean intake associated with 36% lower gastric cancer risk (RR 0.64); isoflavones alone were not statistically significant.
189.SupplementDEX Database: Stomach cancer — Soy food intake and risk of gastric cancer: A dose-response meta-analysis of prospective studies2017
A dose-response meta-analysis of 13 prospective studies (517,106 participants) found high nonfermented soy intake (>100 g/day) inversely associated with gastric cancer; miso soup raised risk in men.
SupplementDEX Database · Hepatitis C
1 reference190.SupplementDEX Database: Hepatitis C — Effect of soy protein supplementation in patients with chronic hepatitis C: a randomized clinical trial2012
In 160 chronic hepatitis C patients, 32 g/day soy supplement for 12 weeks significantly reduced ALT and lowered odds of hepatic steatosis vs casein control.
SupplementDEX Database · High blood pressure
4 references191.SupplementDEX Database: High blood pressure — Soy intake is associated with lowering blood pressure in adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trials2021
A meta-analysis of 17 soy RCTs found consumption reduced systolic BP by 1.70 mmHg and diastolic BP by 1.27 mmHg vs control, with stronger effects in shorter trials.
192.SupplementDEX Database: High blood pressure — Effect of soy isoflavones on blood pressure: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials2012
A meta-analysis of 11 soy isoflavone trials found nonsignificant BP reductions overall, but hypertensive subjects had SBP lowered by 5.94 mmHg and DBP by 3.35 mmHg vs placebo.
193.SupplementDEX Database: High blood pressure — Effects of nattokinase on blood pressure: a randomized, controlled trial2008
In 86 adults with prehypertension or stage 1 hypertension, nattokinase 2000 FU/day for 8 weeks reduced SBP by 5.55 mmHg and DBP by 2.84 mmHg vs placebo.
194.SupplementDEX Database: High blood pressure — Effect of soybean protein on blood pressure: a randomized, controlled trial2005
In 302 Chinese adults with prehypertension or stage 1 hypertension, 40 g/day isolated soybean protein for 12 weeks reduced systolic BP by 4.31 mmHg and diastolic BP by 2.76 mmHg vs carbohydrate control.
SupplementDEX Database · High cholesterol
1 reference195.SupplementDEX Database: High cholesterol — Combined nattokinase with red yeast rice but not nattokinase alone has potent effects on blood lipids in human subjects with hyperlipidemia2009
In 47 hyperlipidemic patients, nattokinase plus red yeast rice lowered triglycerides, total cholesterol, and LDL-C from month 1, while nattokinase alone showed no lipid effects until month 6.
196.SupplementDEX Database: Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) — Co-Administration of Soy Isoflavones and Vitamin D in Management of Irritable Bowel Disease2016
In 100 women with IBS, 40 mg/day soy isoflavones plus vitamin D for 6 weeks improved IBS total scores when combined, with significant interaction between soy and vitamin D on symptom relief.
SupplementDEX Database · Lung cancer
1 reference197.SupplementDEX Database: Lung cancer — Soy food consumption and lung cancer risk: a meta-analysis using a common measure across studies2013
A meta-analysis converting soy intake to daily grams found each increment in soy protein was borderline associated with lower lung cancer risk (OR 0.98), significant in nonsmokers (OR 0.96).
SupplementDEX Database · Mastalgia
1 reference198.SupplementDEX Database: Mastalgia — A randomized double blind-cross over trial of soya protein for the treatment of cyclical breast pain2000
In 18 women with cyclical breast pain, 3 months of soy protein drink reduced pain in 56% vs 11% with cow's milk, though phytoestrogen levels did not always rise with perceived benefit.
199.SupplementDEX Database: Mild cognitive impairment — Efficacy and Safety of Lactobacillus Plantarum C29-Fermented Soybean (DW2009) in Individuals with Mild Cognitive Impairment: A 12-Week, Multi-Center, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial2019
In 100 adults with mild cognitive impairment, 800 mg/day L. plantarum-fermented soybean (DW2009) for 12 weeks improved attention-domain cognition and raised serum BDNF vs placebo.
SupplementDEX Database · Migraine
1 reference200.SupplementDEX Database: Migraine — Randomized, controlled trial of phytoestrogen in the prophylactic treatment of menstrual migraine2002
In 49 women with menstrual migraine, 60 mg/day soy isoflavones plus dong quai and black cohosh for 24 weeks reduced migraine frequency from 10.3 to 4.7 per month vs placebo (P < 0.01).
201.SupplementDEX Database: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) — Soy diet for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials2021
A meta-analysis of 5 NAFLD RCTs found soy diet reduced HOMA-IR and malondialdehyde vs placebo but did not significantly change BMI or liver enzymes.
202.SupplementDEX Database: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) — Soy Food Intake Is Inversely Associated with Newly Diagnosed Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in the TCLSIH Cohort Study2020
In 24,622 Chinese adults, soy food intake ≥4 times/week was associated with 25% lower NAFLD odds vs <1 time/week after multivariable adjustment.
203.SupplementDEX Database: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) — Effect of soy consumption on liver enzymes, lipid profile, anthropometry indices, and oxidative stress in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical trials2020
A meta-analysis of 4 NAFLD trials (234 participants) found soy intake lowered ALT by 7.5 U/L, body weight by 0.77 kg, and serum MDA vs control.
SupplementDEX Database · Obesity
10 references204.SupplementDEX Database: Obesity — Phytoestrogen supplementation and body composition in postmenopausal women: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials2018
A meta-analysis of 23 RCTs (1880 postmenopausal women) found phytoestrogen supplementation was not associated with changes in body weight, BMI, waist/hip circumference, or total fat mass.
205.SupplementDEX Database: Obesity — Appetite control and biomarkers of satiety with vegetarian (soy) and meat-based high-protein diets for weight loss in obese men: a randomized crossover trial2014
In obese men, 2 weeks of vegetarian soy-based vs meat-based high-protein diets produced similar weight loss (~2.3 kg) and comparable appetite and satiety biomarker responses.
206.SupplementDEX Database: Obesity — Weight reduction effects of a black soy peptide supplement in overweight and obese subjects: double blind, randomized, controlled study2012
In 80 overweight/obese adults, black soy peptide for 12 weeks reduced body weight, BMI, and body fat mass vs placebo, with greater net loss in responders.
207.SupplementDEX Database: Obesity — Whey protein but not soy protein supplementation alters body weight and composition in free-living overweight and obese adults2011
In 90 overweight adults followed 23 weeks, whey protein (56 g/day) reduced body weight by 1.8 kg and fat mass by 2.3 kg vs carbohydrate, but soy did not differ from carbohydrate.
208.SupplementDEX Database: Obesity — Effectiveness of a soy-based compared with a traditional low-calorie diet on weight loss and lipid levels in overweight adults2007
In obese adults on 1200 kcal/day diets for 8 weeks, soy-based and traditional low-calorie diets produced similar weight loss, but soy led to greater body fat percentage reduction (2.2% vs 1.4%).
209.SupplementDEX Database: Obesity — Soy compared to casein meal replacement shakes with energy-restricted diets for obese women: randomized controlled trial2007
In 43 obese women over 16 weeks on equal energy-restricted diets, soy and casein meal-replacement shakes produced similar ~13% weight loss.
210.SupplementDEX Database: Obesity — Supplementation with soy-protein-rich foods does not enhance weight loss2007
In 47 overweight women on 500 kcal/day deficit for 12 weeks, adding 15 g soy protein/1000 kcal did not enhance weight loss or body composition changes vs control counseling.
211.SupplementDEX Database: Obesity — Weight loss and lipid changes with low-energy diets: comparator study of milk-based versus soy-based liquid meal replacement interventions2005
In overweight adults on 1200 kcal/day meal replacements for 12 weeks, soy-based MR (3.7/day) and milk-based MR (1.9/day) produced similar ~9% weight loss; soy lowered cholesterol more at 6 weeks.
212.SupplementDEX Database: Obesity — Weight loss without losing muscle mass in pre-obese and obese subjects induced by a high-soy-protein diet2004
In 90 pre-obese adults, high-soy-protein diet with or without exercise for 6 months lost ~8.9 kg and more fat mass than lifestyle education alone (~6.2 kg), with no difference between soy groups.
213.SupplementDEX Database: Obesity — Arterial compliance, blood pressure, plasma leptin, and plasma lipids in women are improved with weight reduction equally with a meat-based diet and a plant-based diet1998
In 36 women on equienergetic weight-loss diets for 16 weeks, lean meat and soy/plant protein diets produced similar weight loss (~9%), lipid improvements, and arterial compliance gains.
SupplementDEX Database · Osteoarthritis
1 reference214.SupplementDEX Database: Osteoarthritis — Soy protein may alleviate osteoarthritis symptoms2004
In 135 adults with knee symptoms, 40 g/day soy protein for 3 months improved osteoarthritis range of motion and pain-related biomarkers vs milk protein, though group differences were modest.
215.SupplementDEX Database: Polycystic ovary syndrome — The Effects of Soy Isoflavones on Metabolic Status of Patients With Polycystic Ovary Syndrome2016
In 70 women with PCOS, 50 mg/day soy isoflavones for 12 weeks lowered insulin, HOMA-IR, and free testosterone and raised insulin sensitivity vs placebo.
SupplementDEX Database · Postmenopause
1 reference216.SupplementDEX Database: Postmenopause — Effects of Soy Protein Containing of Isoflavones and Isoflavones Extract on Plasma Lipid Profile in Postmenopausal Women as a Potential Prevention Factor in Cardiovascular Diseases: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials2021
A meta-analysis of postmenopausal women found soy protein with isoflavones reduced total cholesterol by 0.12 mmol/L and raised HDL by 0.03 mmol/L vs placebo or milk protein.
217.SupplementDEX Database: Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) — Effect of consumption of soy isoflavones on behavioural, somatic and affective symptoms in women with premenstrual syndrome2005
In women with premenstrual syndrome, 68 mg/day soy isoflavones for two menstrual cycles reduced physical symptoms vs baseline, but active and placebo groups did not significantly differ.
SupplementDEX Database · Prostate cancer
12 references218.SupplementDEX Database: Prostate cancer — Soy and isoflavone consumption and subsequent risk of prostate cancer mortality: the Japan Public Health Center-based Prospective Study2020
In 43,580 Japanese men followed 16.9 years, higher isoflavone intake was associated with increased prostate cancer mortality (HR 1.39 highest vs lowest quintile).
219.SupplementDEX Database: Prostate cancer — Soy Consumption and the Risk of Prostate Cancer: An Updated Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis2018
A meta-analysis found higher total soy food and unfermented soy intake associated with lower prostate cancer risk; fermented soy and circulating isoflavones showed no association.
220.SupplementDEX Database: Prostate cancer — Effect of soy protein isolate supplementation on biochemical recurrence of prostate cancer after radical prostatectomy: a randomized trial2013
In 177 men after radical prostatectomy, 20 g/day soy protein isolate for 2 years did not reduce biochemical recurrence of prostate cancer vs calcium caseinate placebo.
221.SupplementDEX Database: Prostate cancer — Effects of soy protein isolate consumption on prostate cancer biomarkers in men with HGPIN, ASAP, and low-grade prostate cancer2008
In 58 high-risk men, 6 months of soy protein with or without isoflavones did not change prostate tissue biomarkers, though fewer prostate cancers were detected in soy groups vs milk (P = 0.01).
222.SupplementDEX Database: Prostate cancer — Phase II trial of isoflavone in prostate-specific antigen recurrent prostate cancer after previous local therapy2008
In 20 men with PSA-recurrent prostate cancer, soy milk providing 141 mg/day isoflavones for 12 months slowed PSA rise from 56%/year pretreatment to 20%/year (P = 0.05).
223.SupplementDEX Database: Prostate cancer — A case-control study of diet and prostate cancer in Japan: possible protective effect of traditional Japanese diet2004
In 140 Japanese prostate cancer cases vs controls, higher fish, soy, tofu, and natto intake was associated with lower prostate cancer odds.
224.SupplementDEX Database: Prostate cancer — Cohort study of tofu intake and prostate cancer: no apparent association2004
A cohort study of tofu intake and prostate cancer in Japan found no apparent association between tofu consumption and prostate cancer risk.
225.SupplementDEX Database: Prostate cancer — Soy isoflavones do not modulate prostate-specific antigen concentrations in older men in a randomized controlled trial2004
In 81 older men from a parent soy trial, 83 mg/day isoflavones for 12 months did not change serum PSA vs isoflavone-depleted soy (0.5% greater increase in +ISO group, not significant).
226.SupplementDEX Database: Prostate cancer — Effects of a diet rich in phytoestrogens on prostate-specific antigen and sex hormones in men diagnosed with prostate cancer2004
In 29 men with prostate cancer pre-prostatectomy, 50 g/day heat-treated soy grits for 6 weeks reduced total PSA by 12.7% and improved free/total PSA ratio vs wheat control.
227.SupplementDEX Database: Prostate cancer — The specific role of isoflavones in reducing prostate cancer risk2004
In 59 early-stage prostate cancer patients, 60 mg/day soy isoflavones for 12 weeks reduced free testosterone in 61% and lowered PSA in 69%, with 19% dropping PSA by ≥2 points.
228.SupplementDEX Database: Prostate cancer — Does high soy milk intake reduce prostate cancer incidence? The Adventist Health Study (United States)1998
In 12,395 Adventist men, frequent soy milk consumption (>daily) was associated with 70% lower prostate cancer risk (RR 0.3, 95% CI 0.1–1.0) vs nonconsumers.
229.SupplementDEX Database: Prostate cancer — Nutritional and socioeconomic factors in relation to prostate cancer mortality: a cross-national study1998
Cross-national analysis found inverse associations of cereal, nut, and fish intake with prostate cancer mortality; soy-related variables were examined among multiple dietary factors.
230.SupplementDEX Database: Rheumatoid arthritis — Treatment of rheumatoid arthritis with a peptide diet: a randomized, controlled trial1998
In 30 rheumatoid arthritis patients, 4 weeks of elemental peptide diet improved pain and HAQ scores transiently and reduced BMI vs usual diet, with only one remission.
SupplementDEX Database · Sarcopenia
2 references231.SupplementDEX Database: Sarcopenia — Daily Supplementation With Whey, Soy, or Whey-Soy Blended Protein for 6 Months Maintained Lean Muscle Mass and Physical Performance in Older Adults With Low Lean Mass2021
In 123 older adults with low lean mass, 6 months of 16 g/day whey, soy, or blended protein maintained appendicular lean mass and physical performance vs habitual diet control.
232.SupplementDEX Database: Sarcopenia — Soy isoflavones, body composition, and physical performance2005
In 202 postmenopausal women, 99 mg/day soy isoflavones for 12 months did not change BMI, waist-to-hip ratio, body composition, or handgrip strength vs milk protein placebo.
SupplementDEX Database · Skin wrinkles
2 references233.SupplementDEX Database: Skin wrinkles — Oral intake of soy isoflavone aglycone improves the aged skin of adult women2007
In 26 women aged late 30s to early 40s, 40 mg/day soy isoflavone aglycone for 12 weeks improved fine wrinkles and malar skin elasticity vs placebo.
234.SupplementDEX Database: Skin wrinkles — Efficacy of a soy moisturizer in photoaging: a double-blind, vehicle-controlled, 12-week study2007
In 65 women with photodamage, 12 weeks of soy moisturizer with protease inhibitors improved mottled pigmentation, blotchiness, fine lines, and overall appearance vs vehicle.
SupplementDEX Database · Stroke
1 reference235.SupplementDEX Database: Stroke — Soymilk ingestion immediately after therapeutic exercise enhances rehabilitation outcomes in chronic stroke patients: A randomized controlled trial2019
In 22 chronic stroke patients, 8 weeks of rehabilitation plus soymilk after exercise improved grip strength, walking speed, and 6-minute walk distance vs rehabilitation plus placebo.
SupplementDEX Database · Thyroid cancer
2 references236.SupplementDEX Database: Thyroid cancer — Why are thyroid cancer rates so high in southeast asian women living in the United States? The bay area thyroid cancer study2003
In Southeast Asian thyroid cancer cases vs controls, lower isoflavone intake and recent migration accounted for much of the higher thyroid cancer incidence in younger SA women.
237.SupplementDEX Database: Thyroid cancer — Phytoestrogens and thyroid cancer risk: the San Francisco Bay Area thyroid cancer study2002
In a San Francisco Bay Area thyroid cancer study, traditional soy foods and higher daidzein/genistein intake were inversely associated with thyroid cancer risk.